In West Texas, water is extremely important. The following data represent pH levels in ground water for a random sample of 102 West Texas wells. A pH less than 7 is acidic and a pH above 7 is alkaline. Scanning the data, you can see that water in this region tends to be hard (alkaline). Too high a pH means the water is unusable or needs expensive treatment to make it usablet. These data are also available for download at the Companion Sites for this text. For convenience, the data are presented in increasing order. x: pH of Ground Water in 102 West Texas Wells 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.1 | 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.8 Use a box-and-whisker plot to describe how the data are spread about the median. The center half of the wells are found to have a pH between a lower value of |and a higher value of |. The total spread of pH values goes from a lower value of to a higher value of Are the pH values above the median more spread out than those below? O The pH values above the median are more spread out than those below. O The pH values above and below the median have the same amount of spread. O The pH values below the median are more spread out than those above. Is this observation consistent with the skew of the histogram? O Yes, this is consistent with the symmetric distribution of the histogram. O Yes, this is consistent with the left skewed distribution of the histogram. O No, this is not consistent with the right skewed distribution of the histogram. O No, this is not consistent with the symmetric distribution of the histogram. O Yes, this is consistent with the right skewed distribution of the histogram. O No, this is not consistent with the left skewed distribution of the histogram.
Continuous Probability Distributions
Probability distributions are of two types, which are continuous probability distributions and discrete probability distributions. A continuous probability distribution contains an infinite number of values. For example, if time is infinite: you could count from 0 to a trillion seconds, billion seconds, so on indefinitely. A discrete probability distribution consists of only a countable set of possible values.
Normal Distribution
Suppose we had to design a bathroom weighing scale, how would we decide what should be the range of the weighing machine? Would we take the highest recorded human weight in history and use that as the upper limit for our weighing scale? This may not be a great idea as the sensitivity of the scale would get reduced if the range is too large. At the same time, if we keep the upper limit too low, it may not be usable for a large percentage of the population!
In West Texas, water is extremely important. The following data represent pH levels in ground water for a random sample of 102 West Texas wells. A pH less than 7 is acidic and a pH above 7 is alkaline. Scanning the data, you can see that water in this region tends to be hard (alkaline). Too high a pH means the water is unusable or needs expensive treatment to make it usable†. These data are also available for download at the Companion Sites for this text. For convenience, the data are presented in increasing order.
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