In unidirectional composites, cylindrical fibers are considered to be packed in square or hexagonal arrays and fibers are assumed to be touching each other as shown in figure below for making a simpler mathematical model. These two simple packing models are used to establish theoretical upper bound for fiber volume fractions in the composites. By selecting representative area elements (repeating unit cell) having edge length 'a0' and fiber radius 'r', compute fiber and matrix volume fractions in a square array with circular cross section of the reinforcement.

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In unidirectional composites, cylindrical fibers are considered to be packed in square or hexagonal arrays and fibers are assumed to be touching each other as shown in figure below for making a simpler mathematical model. These two simple packing models are used to establish theoretical upper bound for fiber volume fractions in the composites. By selecting representative area elements (repeating unit cell) having edge length 'a0' and fiber radius 'r', compute fiber and matrix volume fractions in a square array with circular cross section of the reinforcement.
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