In the Scientific American article on on the Carbon Wedge Framework, wedge #6 is Install CCS at 800 large coal-fired power plants. Use the following assumptions for the question below. Assumptions: • P= 1000 MW (rated power of plant) CF = 65% (plant capacity factor) • CSS Efficiency = 90% (90% of CO₂ emitted is captured and pumped underground) • Cco2 = 210 lbs CO₂/MMBtu (emissions per million BTU primary energy) • e = 35% ( power plant efficiency) • mc/mco2 = 12/44 = 0.27 (ratio of chemical molecular masses) Calculation: • Show with explicit calculations that CSS technology installed at 800 large power plants by the year 2050 could save 1 wedge of carbon (1 billion metric tons of carbon/yr) .
Load flow analysis
Load flow analysis is a study or numerical calculation of the power flow of power in steady-state conditions in any electrical system. It is used to determine the flow of power (real and reactive), voltage, or current in a system under any load conditions.
Nodal Matrix
The nodal matrix or simply known as admittance matrix, generally in engineering term it is called Y Matrix or Y bus, since it involve matrices so it is also referred as a n into n order matrix that represents a power system with n number of buses. It shows the buses' nodal admittance in a power system. The Y matrix is rather sparse in actual systems with thousands of buses. In the power system the transmission cables connect each bus to only a few other buses. Also the important data that one needs for have a power flow study is the Y Matrix.
Types of Buses
A bus is a type of system of communication that transfers data between the components inside a computer or between two or more computers. With multiple hardware connections, the earlier buses were parallel electrical wires but the term "bus" is now used for any type of physical arrangement which provides the same type of logical functions similar to the parallel electrical bus. Both parallel and bit connections are used by modern buses. They can be wired either electrical parallel or daisy chain topology or are connected by hubs which are switched same as in the case of Universal Serial Bus or USB.
![POWER GE
5
Replace 1,400 large coal-fired plants
with gas-fired plants ³
6
Install CCS at 800 large
coal-fired power plants 4
Install CCS at coal plants that
produce hydrogen for 1.5 billion
vehicles S
(รวว) 39VMOIS ONY MOLVO NOV
?
8
Notes:
¹ World fleet size in 2056 could well be two billion cars. Assume they average
10,000 miles a year.
Install CCS at coal-to-syngas plants
2"Large" is one-gigawatt (GW) capacity. Plants run 90 percent of the time.
3 Here and below, assume coal plants run 90 percent of the time at 50 percent
efficiency. Present coal power output is equivalent to 800 such plants.
4 Assume 90 percent of CO₂ is captured.
$ Assume a car (10,000 miles a year, 60 miles per gallon equivalent) requires
170 kilograms of hydrogen a year.
*Assume 30 million barrels of synfuels a day, about a third of today's total oil
output to displace coal
Add twice today's nuclear
to displace coal?
Increase wind power 40-fold
9
Increase wind power 80-fold
to make hydrogen for cars
Increase
to displace coal?
solar power 700-fold
COPYRIGHT 2006 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
10
11
12
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES
production. Assume half of carbon originally in the coal is captured.
Assume wind and solar produce, on average, 30 percent of peak power. Thus
replace 2,100 GW of 90-percent-time coal power with 2,100 GW (peak) wind or
solar plus 1,400 GW of load-following coal power, for net displacement of 700 GW.
*Assume 60-mpg cars, 10,000 miles a year, biomass yield of 15 tons a hectare,
and negligible fossil-fuel inputs. World cropland is 1,500 million hectares.
³ Carbon emissions from deforestation are currently about two billion tons
a year. Assume that by 2056 the rate falls by half in the business-as-usual
projection and to zero in the flat path.
JANET CHAO](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F3a41c3c7-2600-484b-827b-a120d7f7011a%2Ff82f699d-90c1-464a-820c-1ab2004e3c8d%2Fwfa5gcu_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![In the Scientific American article on on the Carbon Wedge Framework, wedge #6 is Install CCS at 800 large coal-fired power plants.
Use the following assumptions for the question below.
Assumptions:
• P= 1000 MW (rated power of plant)
• CF = 65% (plant capacity factor)
. CSS Efficiency = 90% (90% of CO₂ emitted is captured and pumped underground)
Cco2 = 210 lbs CO₂/MMBtu (emissions per million BTU primary energy)
• e = 35% (power plant efficiency)
mc/mco2 = 12/44 = 0.27 (ratio of chemical molecular masses)
Calculation:
• Show with explicit calculations that CSS technology installed at 800 large power plants by the year 2050 could save 1 wedge of carbon
(1 billion metric tons of carbon/yr)
.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F3a41c3c7-2600-484b-827b-a120d7f7011a%2Ff82f699d-90c1-464a-820c-1ab2004e3c8d%2Fhrz5dfx_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![](/static/compass_v2/shared-icons/check-mark.png)
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 11 images
![Blurred answer](/static/compass_v2/solution-images/blurred-answer.jpg)
![Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780133923605/9780133923605_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Delmar's Standard Textbook Of Electricity](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781337900348/9781337900348_smallCoverImage.jpg)
![Programmable Logic Controllers](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780073373843/9780073373843_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780133923605/9780133923605_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Delmar's Standard Textbook Of Electricity](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781337900348/9781337900348_smallCoverImage.jpg)
![Programmable Logic Controllers](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780073373843/9780073373843_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Fundamentals of Electric Circuits](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780078028229/9780078028229_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Electric Circuits. (11th Edition)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780134746968/9780134746968_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Engineering Electromagnetics](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780078028151/9780078028151_smallCoverImage.gif)