in the ozone reduction by chlorine radical: Mechanism I predominates ozone destruction in the upper stratosphere, while Mechanism II predominates ozone destruction in the lower stratosphere. Compare the overall reaction equations to explain why this is so.

The conversion of oxygen gas to ozone can be catalyzed by the pollutant, nitrogen monoxide gas in the air. Suggest a possible mechanism for this reaction if nitrogen dioxide gas and oxygen free radicals are known to be formed as the intermediate compounds.

MN IN The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. (1) CIO(g) + O,(g) → Cl(g) + 20,(g) AHxn = -122.8 kJ AHn = -285.3 kJ | rxn AHn = ? (3)°O + (3)OIƆ (3)1Ɔ+(3)*o (£) (3) 0E – (3)°07 (2) rxn %3D = UXHV kJ MacBook Pro Q Search or enter website name The & %23 $4 3. 4. 5. 7. 6. delete R H. K. re B. HE MOSISO command option

Please explain in technical detail how the atmosphere acts like a carbon sink. Thank you

What is the biological importance of stratospheric ozone? Explain.

With the help of chemical equations, explain how ozone absorbs UV light.

Why does ozone deplete severely over Antarctica each October, but not over other areas of the planet?

Substances burn more rapidly in pure oxygen than in air. Explain why.

(c) At low temperatures, reaction (3) is replaced by the following reaction forming a stable dimer of CIO, which itself is rapidly photolysed to form Cl atoms: CIO + CIO Cl₂O2 2C1 + O2 Describe briefly, in qualitative terms, the effect that this reaction will have on the observed rate of ozone destruction. Note that Ka[Cl2] is the rate at which photons are absorbed by Cl2, and is often referred to as la.

Rh (ii) In Pt-catalyzed generation of ozone from Ozg), if O(a) + O₂(at) O) is the rate-determining step and the ozone formation rate is (Hint: where are O(ad) and O2(ad) from?), then what is proportional to at high and low oxygen pressures?