In the mid-1950s, two U-52 bomber planes disappeared from the radar screen while flying over the Mediterranian sea. Investigation of the wreckage recovered from the seabed showed that the whole wings and tails of the planes had been detached from the fuselage without any plastic deformation. a. What is the expected mode and type of this failure? b. Utilize the graph and the table of pertinent properties of different materials, select the adequate alloy for the aircraft to withstand 10 cycles at maximum stress of 480 MPa. 700 Ti-5AI-2.5Sn titanium alloy 600 4340 steel S00 400 1045 steel 300 Ductile cast iron 200 70CU-30Zn brass 2014-T6 Al alloy 100 EQ2IA-T6 Mg alloy 10 10 10 10 10 10 Cycles to failure, N Maximum Stress (S) versus logrithum of number of cycles to fatigue failure (N) for seven metal alloys Density (g/em') Yield Strength (MPa) | Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) Alloy Steel alloy 4340 2024-T6 alloy Alloy Ti-5AI-2.5Sn-4.48 4.48 annealed 7.85 470 207 Aluminium 2.78 480 72.4 830 110 Maximum stress, S (MPal

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Fluid Kinematics

The branch of science that deals with objects which are either in motion or stationary are studied under the branch of classical mechanics. Fluid mechanics is a subcategory of classical mechanics that deals with the behavior of fluids at rest (fluid statics) or in motion (posing some velocity). In fluid kinematics, studies focus on the associated motion of fluid particles or groups of particles, and its associated parameters like displacements, velocity, and acceleration without concerning about the forces that caused the motion. All the laws of classical mechanics are applied in the study of fluid kinematics.