*In the 1800s, a man with dwarfism who lived in Utah produced a large number of descendants: 22 children, 49 grandchildren, and 250 great-grandchildren, many of whom also were dwarfs (F. F. Stephens. 1943. Journal of Heredity 34:229-235). The type of dwarfism found in this family is called Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, although it was originally thought to be achondroplastic dwarfism. Among the families of this kindred, dwarfism appeared only in members who had one parent with dwarfism. When one parent was a dwarf, the following numbers of children were produced. Family in which one parent Children with normal stature had dwarfism ABCDEFGHLIKLMNO ∞OTNOM N22102 с J Total 15 4 1 6 2 8 4 2 0 3 52 Children with dwarfism 7 6 c. Use chi-square tests to determine if: 6 2 2 4 4 1 1 1 3 1 0 0 2 40 a. With the assumption that Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia is rare, is this type of dwarfism inherited as a dominant or recessive trait? Explain your reasoning. b. On the basis of your answer for part a, what is the expected/predicted proportions (ratio) of dwarf and normal children in the families given in the table? Use a chi-square test to determine if the total (observed) number of children for these families (52 normal, 40 dwarf) is significantly different from the expected number. (show all your work) the (observed) numbers of children in family C (1 normal, 6 dwarf), and the (observed) numbers in family D (6 normal and 2 dwarf) for each family are significantly different from the numbers expected on the basis of your proposed type of inheritance (part a). (show all your work for each family). If the observed numbers for either of these 2 families deviates from the expected numbers, how would you explain the deviations from the overall expected numbers?