In terms of functions of proteins in cells; how does enzymes function as catalysts
Proteins
We generally tend to think of proteins only from a dietary lens, as a component of what we eat. However, they are among the most important and abundant organic macromolecules in the human body, with diverse structures and functions. Every cell contains thousands and thousands of proteins, each with specific functions. Some help in the formation of cellular membrane or walls, some help the cell to move, others act as messages or signals and flow seamlessly from one cell to another, carrying information.
Protein Expression
The method by which living organisms synthesize proteins and further modify and regulate them is called protein expression. Protein expression plays a significant role in several types of research and is highly utilized in molecular biology, biochemistry, and protein research laboratories.
In terms of functions of proteins in cells; how does enzymes function as catalysts ?
There are two conditions that must be met for life to exist:
- Organism must be able to replicate
- Organism must be able to catalyse chemical reactions selectively and efficiently.
Enzymes are biological catalyst that catalyse biochemical reactions. Most enzymes are made up of proteins, exception include catalytic RNA. Some enzyme require non protein components called cofactors to function. These could be metal ions or complex organic molecules called coenzymes. If this cofactor/coenzyme is covalently linked to the enzyme it is called a prosthetic group.
An enzyme with it's bound coenzyme/metal ion is called a holoenzyme and the protein part is called apoenzyme.
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