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In STEP 2, you should have observed that you could cause D1 to light by simply touching the base lead of the transistor, or a wire connected to that lead. Which answer below best explains why this happened? O The floating base was pulled down by the addition of 100KQ of resistance at R3, preventing the accidental triggering of the transistor. O The 10KQ resistor at R1 is powerful enough to drive a current through the transistor base just from the base lead being touched. O The LED in my circuit did not light when I touched the transistor base, even though the circuit was built correctly. I did not follow instructions to ask for additional help resolving the problem. O The base/emitter connection of the transistor is very sensitive. Even a slight difference in potential across that connection can trigger the transistor. When the base is "floating" that difference can easily come from a person touching the lead.

In STEP 2, you should have observed that you could cause D1 to light by simply touching the base lead of the transistor, or a wire connected to that lead. Which answer below best explains why this happened? O The floating base was pulled down by the addition of 100KQ of resistance at R3, preventing the accidental triggering of the transistor. O The 10KQ resistor at R1 is powerful enough to drive a current through the transistor base just from the base lead being touched. O The LED in my circuit did not light when I touched the transistor base, even though the circuit was built correctly. I did not follow instructions to ask for additional help resolving the problem. O The base/emitter connection of the transistor is very sensitive. Even a slight difference in potential across that connection can trigger the transistor. When the base is "floating" that difference can easily come from a person touching the lead.

Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN:9780133923605
Author:Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher:Robert L. Boylestad
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P: Visit your local library (at school or home) and describe the extent to which it provides literature...
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STEP 2: The slight difference in potential between you and the breadboard is enough to trigger the transistor and allow current to flow from the Collector to the Emitter.
### Understanding Basic Electronic Circuits: A Simple LED Circuit #### Circuit Diagram and Components This circuit diagram demonstrates a basic electronic setup, which includes the following components: 1. **Power Supply (PSB)** - **Voltage:** 5V 2. **Resistors** - **R1:** 10 kΩ (kilo-ohms) - **R2:** 1 kΩ (kilo-ohms) 3. **Switch (SW1)** - A simple switch that allows control over the circuit's state (on/off). 4. **Transistor (Q1)** - **Type:** 2N2222 5. **LED (D1)** - **Color:** Green 6. **YOU (represented as a placeholder)** - This signifies interaction or a placeholder for further instructions or components. #### Connections and Functionality - The 5V power supply (PSB) is connected to the circuit, providing the required voltage for operation. - **R1 (10 kΩ)**: This resistor limits the current flowing into the base of the transistor (Q1), protecting it from excessive current which might damage it. - **Switch (SW1)**: This switch controls the connection. When the switch is closed (turned on), it completes the circuit, allowing current to flow from the power supply through R1. This causes the transistor Q1 (2N2222) to turn on, acting as a switch itself. - **Transistor (Q1 - 2N2222)**: When activated, it allows current to flow from its collector to its emitter. This current path includes R2 and the Green LED (D1). - **Resistor R2 (1 kΩ)**: R2 limits the current through the LED (D1) to prevent it from burning out due to excessive current. - **Green LED (D1)**: The LED emits light when the current flows through it, indicating that the circuit is active and working. When SW1 is closed, the circuit is completed, and the transistor Q1 allows current to flow through R2 and the Green LED, causing the LED to light up. When SW1 is open, the circuit breaks, and the LED turns off. #### Diagram Explanation The circuit diagram is visually represented as follows: - The power supply (PSB) is located on the left, providing a 5V source.
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding Basic Electronic Circuits: A Simple LED Circuit #### Circuit Diagram and Components This circuit diagram demonstrates a basic electronic setup, which includes the following components: 1. **Power Supply (PSB)** - **Voltage:** 5V 2. **Resistors** - **R1:** 10 kΩ (kilo-ohms) - **R2:** 1 kΩ (kilo-ohms) 3. **Switch (SW1)** - A simple switch that allows control over the circuit's state (on/off). 4. **Transistor (Q1)** - **Type:** 2N2222 5. **LED (D1)** - **Color:** Green 6. **YOU (represented as a placeholder)** - This signifies interaction or a placeholder for further instructions or components. #### Connections and Functionality - The 5V power supply (PSB) is connected to the circuit, providing the required voltage for operation. - **R1 (10 kΩ)**: This resistor limits the current flowing into the base of the transistor (Q1), protecting it from excessive current which might damage it. - **Switch (SW1)**: This switch controls the connection. When the switch is closed (turned on), it completes the circuit, allowing current to flow from the power supply through R1. This causes the transistor Q1 (2N2222) to turn on, acting as a switch itself. - **Transistor (Q1 - 2N2222)**: When activated, it allows current to flow from its collector to its emitter. This current path includes R2 and the Green LED (D1). - **Resistor R2 (1 kΩ)**: R2 limits the current through the LED (D1) to prevent it from burning out due to excessive current. - **Green LED (D1)**: The LED emits light when the current flows through it, indicating that the circuit is active and working. When SW1 is closed, the circuit is completed, and the transistor Q1 allows current to flow through R2 and the Green LED, causing the LED to light up. When SW1 is open, the circuit breaks, and the LED turns off. #### Diagram Explanation The circuit diagram is visually represented as follows: - The power supply (PSB) is located on the left, providing a 5V source.
**Understanding Transistor Sensitivity and Triggering** *Step-by-Step Explanation* In **STEP 2**, you should have observed that you could cause **D1** (likely an LED) to light by simply touching the base lead of the transistor, or a wire connected to that lead. The following options detail possible explanations for why this observation occurred: 1. **Option A:** The floating base was pulled down by the addition of 100kΩ of resistance at R3, preventing the accidental triggering of the transistor. - This suggests that the resistance component (100kΩ at R3) might be stabilizing the circuit in a way that prevents unintentional activation. A "floating base" in electronics means the transistor's base lead is not connected directly to a steady voltage, increasing susceptibility to noise. 2. **Option B:** The 10kΩ resistor at R1 is powerful enough to drive a current through the transistor base just from the base lead being touched. - Here, the focus is on the resistive power of R1 at 10kΩ. It's suggesting that the touch to the base lead can cause a sufficient current due to the resistor's value, resulting in the transistor switching on and D1 lighting up. 3. **Option C:** The LED in my circuit did not light when I touched the transistor base, even though the circuit was built correctly. I did not follow instructions to ask for additional help resolving the problem. - This indicates a failure to observe the expected outcome which could be due to incorrect assembly, misunderstanding the procedure, or potential defects in the components. 4. **Option D:** The base/emitter connection of the transistor is very sensitive. Even a slight difference in potential across that connection can trigger the transistor. When the base is "floating," that difference can easily come from a person touching the lead. - This statement explains that the transistor's base/emitter connection is highly sensitive to voltage changes. Human touch can introduce a voltage difference causing the transistor to turn on and, consequently, lighting D1. In conclusion, the most comprehensive explanation generally accepted in educational circles is **Option D**. The sensitivity of the transistor's base/emitter connection to potential difference is a key factor. When the base is "floating" (not firmly connected to a reference voltage), even minor external influences, such as a human touch, can create a sufficient voltage difference to activate the transistor, hence lighting D1. Understanding these
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Transistor Sensitivity and Triggering** *Step-by-Step Explanation* In **STEP 2**, you should have observed that you could cause **D1** (likely an LED) to light by simply touching the base lead of the transistor, or a wire connected to that lead. The following options detail possible explanations for why this observation occurred: 1. **Option A:** The floating base was pulled down by the addition of 100kΩ of resistance at R3, preventing the accidental triggering of the transistor. - This suggests that the resistance component (100kΩ at R3) might be stabilizing the circuit in a way that prevents unintentional activation. A "floating base" in electronics means the transistor's base lead is not connected directly to a steady voltage, increasing susceptibility to noise. 2. **Option B:** The 10kΩ resistor at R1 is powerful enough to drive a current through the transistor base just from the base lead being touched. - Here, the focus is on the resistive power of R1 at 10kΩ. It's suggesting that the touch to the base lead can cause a sufficient current due to the resistor's value, resulting in the transistor switching on and D1 lighting up. 3. **Option C:** The LED in my circuit did not light when I touched the transistor base, even though the circuit was built correctly. I did not follow instructions to ask for additional help resolving the problem. - This indicates a failure to observe the expected outcome which could be due to incorrect assembly, misunderstanding the procedure, or potential defects in the components. 4. **Option D:** The base/emitter connection of the transistor is very sensitive. Even a slight difference in potential across that connection can trigger the transistor. When the base is "floating," that difference can easily come from a person touching the lead. - This statement explains that the transistor's base/emitter connection is highly sensitive to voltage changes. Human touch can introduce a voltage difference causing the transistor to turn on and, consequently, lighting D1. In conclusion, the most comprehensive explanation generally accepted in educational circles is **Option D**. The sensitivity of the transistor's base/emitter connection to potential difference is a key factor. When the base is "floating" (not firmly connected to a reference voltage), even minor external influences, such as a human touch, can create a sufficient voltage difference to activate the transistor, hence lighting D1. Understanding these
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