In otters, hair color is controlled by codominant alleles of one gene. One allele codes for grey hair, another allele codes for brown hair. In one population you count 18 brown haired otters, 24 grey haired otters, and 48 heterozygous otters that have brown hair with grey patches. Test whether this gene is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in this population by doing a chi-square test. Report your answers below. Observed frequency of grey hair allele: Observed frequency of brown hair allele: For the remaining steps, use the rounded allele frequencies you calculated, but do not round intermediate steps. Round only the reported values to the nearest 0.01. Expected number of all grey otters: Expected number of all brown otters: Expected number of brown otters with grey patches: Calculate your chi-square value but do not report it. Use it to answer the following: Degrees of freedom? Type an integer: The calculated chi square value is the critical value. Type “greater than” or “less than”. Reject null hypothesis? Type yes or no
Gene Flow
Gene flow, also known as gene migration, is the introduction of genetic material from a particular population to another population of the same species through interbreeding. For example, a bee facilitates its reproductive process by carrying pollen from one flower to another. The flow alters the composition of the gene pool of the receiving population. It introduces new alleles within the population and helps increase variability. This exchange of genetic material occurs through reproduction and brings about new combinations of traits into the population. Where human beings are concerned, actual migration of populations, whether voluntary or forced, brings about gene flow.
Population Biology
Population biology is the study of patterns in organism populations, specifically the growth and management of population size, population genetics, the evolution of life history, species interactions, and demography.
Speciation
The process of speciation involves the formation of new species during evolution. The new species evolve in such a way that both new and old species are not able to interbreed. Thus, speciation occurs when few members of one species get separated from the main species due to geographical, mechanical, or reproductive isolation. These separated members develop new traits that make them different from the main species. In other words, speciation could be defined as the absence of gene flow between two populations that become new species.
Allele Fixation
A gene is a unit of heredity and contains both physical and functional information that shapes an individual. Genes are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which carry genetic information from one generation to another, from one set of parents to their offspring, and so on. Every cell in a human body, or any living organism, has the same DNA, which implies that every cell in an individual’s body has all the information it needs to build and sustain the body!
In otters, hair color is controlled by codominant alleles of one gene. One allele codes for grey hair, another allele codes for brown hair. In one population you count 18 brown haired otters, 24 grey haired otters, and 48 heterozygous otters that have brown hair with grey patches.
Test whether this gene is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in this population by doing a chi-square test. Report your answers below.
- Observed frequency of grey hair allele:
- Observed frequency of brown hair allele:
For the remaining steps, use the rounded allele frequencies you calculated, but do not round intermediate steps. Round only the reported values to the nearest 0.01.
- Expected number of all grey otters:
- Expected number of all brown otters:
- Expected number of brown otters with grey patches:
Calculate your chi-square value but do not report it. Use it to answer the following:
- Degrees of freedom? Type an integer:
- The calculated chi square value is the critical value. Type “greater than” or “less than”.
- Reject null hypothesis? Type yes or no:
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