In order to transfer reduced level across a canyon, a reciprocal leveling campaign was conducted. Simultaneous readings were observed using two levels on at each side of the canyon. Each of the levels are having same magnifying power and sensitiveness of level tube. With instruments interchanged during leveling operation yielded the following average readings. Instrument Station Average near readings, (m) Average distance readings(m) R.L of X=101.345m Distance, XY=1.025Km X 1.780 2.345 y 2.435 1.870 Find out the R.L of unknown point. Comment on the errors associated with observations.

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Methods of Surveying

Surveying is the practice to determine the relative three-dimensional positions of various points on the earth’s surface. This is done by computing the vertical and horizontal distances, angles between the points, collecting the observations, and plotting them on a map of any appropriate scale. Accuracy can be achieved by using the latest instruments like a theodolite, tachometer, etc. Leveling is a subdivision of surveying where the objective is to locate the elevation of objects considering a datum level.