In many cryptographic applications the Modular Inverse is a key operation. This programming problem involves finding the modular inverse of a number. Given 0
In many cryptographic applications the Modular Inverse is a key operation. This programming problem involves finding the modular inverse of a number. Given 0
Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
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Pls help and code in java!!!! Thank you so much!
![### Understanding and Finding the Modular Inverse
In many cryptographic applications, the Modular Inverse is a key operation. This programming problem involves finding the modular inverse of a number.
#### Definition
Given \(0 < x < m\), where x and m are integers, the modular inverse of x is the unique integer n, \(0 < n < m\), such that the remainder upon dividing \(x \times n\) by m is 1. That is,
\[x \times n \mod m = 1\]
The modular inverse is a concept that extends the arithmetic inverse. For example, the inverse of 2 is \( \frac{1}{2} \) because \( 2 \times \frac{1}{2} = 1 \) with decimal operation. Here the inverse number can be a fraction.
In modular inverse, we only allow integers, no fractions. So not all integers have an inverse.
#### Examples
- For example, \(m = 26, x = 3\): The modular inverse of 3 is 9 because \(3 \times 9 \mod 26 = 1\).
- However, \(m = 26, x = 2\): The modular inverse of 2 does not exist because you cannot find a number y so that \(2 \times y \mod 26 = 1\).
- Another example, \(m = 17, x = 4\): \(4 \times 13 = 52\). \(52 \mod 17 = 1\), so the remainder when 52 is divided by 17 is 1, and thus 13 is the inverse of 4 modulo 17.
#### Problem Statement
You are to write a method `modularInverse()` which accepts as input the two integers x and m, and outputs either the modular inverse n, or -1 to indicate "No such integer exists" if there is no such integer n.
You may assume that \(m \leq 100\), x and m are non-negative.
#### Example Code
```java
public class ModInverse {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int m = 26;
for (int x = 0; x < m; x++) {
int n = modularInverse(x, m);
if (n == -1) {
System.out.println("The modular inverse of x " + x +](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd3840032-79dc-4a53-a62a-d0ac378933be%2F4671ec17-fde1-4580-a41f-2ae3e3ee658a%2Fhuyqkq_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding and Finding the Modular Inverse
In many cryptographic applications, the Modular Inverse is a key operation. This programming problem involves finding the modular inverse of a number.
#### Definition
Given \(0 < x < m\), where x and m are integers, the modular inverse of x is the unique integer n, \(0 < n < m\), such that the remainder upon dividing \(x \times n\) by m is 1. That is,
\[x \times n \mod m = 1\]
The modular inverse is a concept that extends the arithmetic inverse. For example, the inverse of 2 is \( \frac{1}{2} \) because \( 2 \times \frac{1}{2} = 1 \) with decimal operation. Here the inverse number can be a fraction.
In modular inverse, we only allow integers, no fractions. So not all integers have an inverse.
#### Examples
- For example, \(m = 26, x = 3\): The modular inverse of 3 is 9 because \(3 \times 9 \mod 26 = 1\).
- However, \(m = 26, x = 2\): The modular inverse of 2 does not exist because you cannot find a number y so that \(2 \times y \mod 26 = 1\).
- Another example, \(m = 17, x = 4\): \(4 \times 13 = 52\). \(52 \mod 17 = 1\), so the remainder when 52 is divided by 17 is 1, and thus 13 is the inverse of 4 modulo 17.
#### Problem Statement
You are to write a method `modularInverse()` which accepts as input the two integers x and m, and outputs either the modular inverse n, or -1 to indicate "No such integer exists" if there is no such integer n.
You may assume that \(m \leq 100\), x and m are non-negative.
#### Example Code
```java
public class ModInverse {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int m = 26;
for (int x = 0; x < m; x++) {
int n = modularInverse(x, m);
if (n == -1) {
System.out.println("The modular inverse of x " + x +
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