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- Code in C++ Language STRING FLIP ALPHABET One of the simplest cryptography technique is to invert the characters such that the first character of the alphabet will be replaced to the last character, the second character be replaced to the second to the last, and so on. So all A's are turned into Z's, B to Y, C to X, and so on until X to C, Y to B, and Z to A. In a similar fashion, numeric characters will also be inverted such that 0 will become 9, 1 to 8, 2 to 7 and so on until 7 to 2, 8 to 1, and 9 to 0. Given a string composed of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and spaces, your task is to invert them. You also must keep the case of the letters as is. Input: A string composed of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and spaces. The quick brown 1 Fox jumps over the 6 lazy Dogs Output: The inverted string Gsv jfrxp yildm 8 Ulc qfnkh levi gsv 3 ozab WlthComputer Engineering HandsOn Lab: The Government of United States of America has decided to issue new currency notes with special protection features to so as to commemorate a great mathematician. They have decided to issue notes summing up to N and all the sums from 1 to N should only made by selecting some of the notes in only one unique way. With n = 5 the sets {1,1,1,1,1}, {1,2,2}, {1,1,3} are valid. Your task is to design a C++ code that output the solution in one line. Sample Input - 100 Sample Output - 3Python Answer Required: A Rajesh teaches a cooking class. The course is attended by NN students, numbered 11 to NN. The cook must participate in the presence before each class, i.e. call out the names of the students one by one and indicate which students are present. Each student has a first and last name. To save time, Rajesh only wants to call up students' first names. However, if there are multiple students with the same first name, the Rajesh must call out the full names (first and last names) of all those students. For any student who does not share a first name with any other student, the cook can still only call that student's first name. Help the Rajesh decide for each student whether to call that student's full name or just their first name. Input 1 1 hasan jaddouh Output hasan
- Introductory: The Caesar Cipher technique is one of the earliest and simplest methods of encryption techniques. It is simply a type of substitution cipher, i.e., each letter of a given text is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 1, A would be replaced by B, B would become C, and so on. The method is apparently named after Julius Caesar, who apparently used it to communicate with his officials. Thus, to cipher a given text we need an integer value, known as a shift which indicates the number of positions each letter of the text has been moved down. The encryption can be represented using modular arithmetic by first transforming the letters into numbers, according to the scheme, A = 0, B = 1 ,…, Z = 25. Encryption of a letter by a shift n can be described mathematically as. En(x) = (x+n) mod 26 (Encryption Phase with shift n) Write an algorithm and implement a program in C to read the data from a file (called…Let L₁ = {aa, bb}, L₂ = {A, a, aa}, L3 = {x | x = {a,b}* ^ |x| ≤ 3} = {A, a, b, aa, ab, ba, bb, aaa, aab, aba, abb, baa, bab, bba, bbb}. Evaluate: (L₁n L3) · L2 = •Crypto Columns The columnar encryption scheme scrambles the letters in a message (or plaintext) using a keyword as illustrated in the following example: Suppose BATBOY is the keyword and our message is MEET ME BY THE OLD OAK TREE. Since the keyword has 6 letters, we write the message (ignoring spacing and punctuation) in a grid with 6 columns, padding with random extra letters as needed: MEETME BYTHEO LDOAKT REENTH Here, we've padded the message with NTH. Now the message is printed out by columns, but the columns are printed in the order determined by the letters in the keyword. Since A is the letter of the keyword that comes first in the alphabet, column 2 is printed first. The next letter, B, occurs twice. In the case of a tie like this we print the columns leftmost first, so we print column 1, then column 4. This continues, printing the remaining columns in order 5, 3 and finally 6. So, the order the columns of the grid are printed would be 2, 1, 4, 5, 3, 6, in this case. This…
- Python Language Q2: Ginormous Campus The campus is pretty big. There are n buildings scattered around it, numbered from 0 to n-1. These buildings are so far away from each other that the only way to get from one to another is to take a campus bus. There are m campus bus routes. The i-th one (0 <= i < m) takes you from building u_i to building v_i (but not the other way around). These buses run very frequently. Professor Zingaro is deciding where to hold his CS lectures. He believes a building x is accessible from a building y if you can get from y to x taking at most two buses. For his students’ convenience, he wants to hold his lectures in the most accessible building. Help him out by telling him how many buildings the most accessible building is accessible from. In addition, list all buildings that are the most accessible. Input The first line of the input contains two space-separated integers n and m, denoting the number of buildings and bus routes, respectively. m lines…Weighted Job Scheduling in C language only please Problem statement: You are given a list of jobs where each job has a start time, finish time, and the profit associated with that job, find the maximum profit subset of non-overlapping jobs. Problem description: The problem wants you to find the maximum profit that you can make after performing a certain number of jobs such that each job has a certain condition that you can start a job only if the start time of the current job is greater than the finish time of the previous job. You are required to develop some algorithm such that the job start time and the finish time does not coincide with other jobs. Output: (Attached photo)Lab Assignment 1: Vigenere Cipher Overview: You are required to implement the Vigenere Cipher using any programming language of your choice. Your program should be able to encrypt any given message written in text. Your program should allow the user to submit a message for encryption (the message must use text only). You should use the following message to demonstrate the encryption: “Party on the Quad." Your program should allow the user to input the key for performing the encryption. Please use the following key to demonstrate the encryption process: "Homecoming."
- In c++ The Fibonacci numbers are a series of numbers that exhibit the following pattern: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, … The series starts with 0 and 1, and each subsequent number in the series is the sum of the previous two numbers. The Fibonacci sequence, Fn, is defined by the following recurrence relation: Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2 Where the initial values are F0 = 0 and F1 = 1. Write a program that prompts the user to enter in a positive integer N and generates the Nth Fibonacci number. Your main function should handle user input and pass that data to a function called Fib that takes integer N as input and returns the Nth Fibonacci number. Include the functions preconditions and postconditions as comments in your source code. Include some basic input validation to make sure the function’s preconditions are met before the function is called. Show your source code and a sample of your program output.1- A simple encryption method is being used to encrypt a small number (called the secret number). The method by which this encryption works is as follows: I. Choose a random seed number II. Calculate the key by multiplying the seed with the secret under modulus 7 III. Finally, multiply the key with the secret to get the encrypted secret Example: If our secret number was 45Randomly choose seed = 6 key = secret x seed (mod 7) = 45 x 6 (mod 7) = 4Encrypted Secret = key x secret = 45 x 4 = 180 Based on this encryption method, when choosing the random seed, show which number should not be used, because it would result in the Secret and the Encrypted Secret being the same.Solution Floating point representation: It is defined as the representation of floating numbers. It includes sign bit, exponent, and mantissa bits. Based on precision it has 2 types. 1. For IEEE 754 single-precision floating-point numbers, what is the exponent of a denormalized floating-point number in decimal? Solution: In IEEE 754 single-precision, exponent bits are 8. Therefore exponent = 2 ^(n-1) -1 = 2^(8-1) -1 = 127 OPTION D 2. For IEEE 754 single-precision floating-point numbers, how many bits for mantissa? Solution: In IEEE 754 single-precision, there are 23 bits for mantissa. sign = 1 bit exponent = 8 bits mantissa = 23 bits 3. For IEEE 754 single-precision floating-point numbers, which of the following is an example of NAN? Solution: In IEEE 754 single-precision, NAN is a special value where all exponents bits are 1's and the mantissa is non zero. a. 1 111 1 111 0000 0000 1101 0000 0000 0000 Exponent is not all 1's. Not a NAN b. 0 111 1 111 1000 0000…