In financial analysis, it is important to select an appropriate discount rate. A project's discount rate must be high to compensate investors for the project's risk. The return that shareholders require from the company as a compensation for their investment risk is referred to as the cost of equity. Consider this case: The Shoe Building Inc. is a 100% equity-financed company (no debt or preferred stock); hence, its WACC equals its cost of common equity. The Shoe Building Inc.'s retained earnings will be sufficient to fund its capital budget in the foreseeable future. The company has a beta of 1.50, the risk-free rate is 5.0%, and the market return is 6.5%. The Shoe Building Inc. is financed exclusively using equity funding and has a cost of equity of 11.85%. It is considering the following projects for investment next year: Project W X Y Z Required Investment $8,750 $4,375 $2,150 $9,950 Expected Rate of Return 10.10% 13.65% 14.60% 14.10% Each project has average risk, and The Shoe Building Inc. accepts any project whose expected rate of return exceeds its cost of capital. How large should next year's capital budget be? $15,275 $16,475 $20,850 $25,225

In financial analysis, it is important to select an appropriate discount rate. A project's discount rate must be high to compensate investors for the project's risk. The return that shareholders require from the company as a compensation for their investment risk is referred to as the cost of equity. Consider this case: The Shoe Building Inc. is a 100% equity-financed company (no debt or preferred stock); hence, its WACC equals its cost of common equity. The Shoe Building Inc.'s retained earnings will be sufficient to fund its capital budget in the foreseeable future. The company has a beta of 1.50, the risk-free rate is 5.0%, and the market return is 6.5%. The Shoe Building Inc. is financed exclusively using equity funding and has a cost of equity of 11.85%. It is considering the following projects for investment next year: Project W X Y Z Required Investment $8,750 $4,375 $2,150 $9,950 Expected Rate of Return 10.10% 13.65% 14.60% 14.10% Each project has average risk, and The Shoe Building Inc. accepts any project whose expected rate of return exceeds its cost of capital. How large should next year's capital budget be? $15,275 $16,475 $20,850 $25,225

Essentials Of Investments

11th Edition

ISBN:9781260013924

Author:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.

Publisher:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.

Chapter1: Investments: Background And Issues

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PS

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The firm's target capital structure is the mix of debt, preferred stock, and common equity the firm plans to raise funds for its future projects. The target proportions of debt, preferred stock, and common equity, along with the cost of these components, are used to calculate the firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC). If the firm will not have to issue new common stock, then the cost of retained earnings is used in the firm's WACC calculation. However, if the firm will have to issue new common stock, the cost of new common stock should be used in the firm's WACC calculation. Quantitative Problem: Barton Industries expects that its target capital structure for raising funds in the future for its capital budget will consist of 40% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 55% common equity. Note that the firm's marginal tax rate is 25%. Assume that the firm's cost of debt, ra, is 9.5%, the firm's cost of preferred stock, rp, is 8.7% and the firm's cost of equity is 12.1% for old equity, rs,…
Among the following choices, which would be the best way to estimate the cost of capital (discount rate) for a project within a diversified firm? Group of answer choices The firm's WACC The firm's cost of equity A discount rate that reflects the systematic risk of the project under consideration A discount rate that reflects the systematic risk of other diversified firms
A firm's cost of capital indicates [Select] A firm must earn [Select] provided. the risk of the firm's assets. to compensate investors for the financing they hav The required return for a firm is the same as [Select]
If interaction effects make it difficult for a firm to adjust its capital structure based on prevailing conditions, then Group of answer choices the firm should use as much debt financing as possible when it is financially healthy in order to benefit from lower corporate taxes the firm should target a 50% debt/50% equity capital structure the firm should choose the capital structure that will minimize all transaction costs--both direct and indirect the firm should use more equity financing than is necessarily optimal today
North Star is trying to determine its optimal capital structure, which now consists of only common equity. The firm will add debt to its capital structure if it minimizes its WACC, but the firm has no plans to use preferred stock in its capital structure. In addition, the firm’s size will remain the same, so funds obtained from debt issued will be used to repurchase stock. The percentage of shares repurchased will be equal to the percentage of debt added to the firm’s capital structure. (In other words, if the firm’s debt-to-capital ratio increases from 0 to 25%, then 25% of the shares outstanding will be repurchased.) North Star is a small firm with average sales of $25 million or less during the past 3 years, so it is exempt from the interest deduction limitation. Its treasury staff has consulted with investment bankers. On the basis of those discussions, the staff has created the following table showing the firm’s debt cost at different debt levels: Debt-to-Capital Ratio (Wd)…
Which of the following would reduce a firm's WACC after tax? a. A firm invests in an average-risk project using equity, rather than debt financing. b. A supermarket chain decides to establish hardware stores which increases its systematic risk. c. A firm issues shares and uses the proceeds to pay off a bank loan. d. A firm issues bonds and uses the proceeds to repurchase stock. e. A firm significantly improves its operating cost control to boost profits.
Generally speaking, the cost of debt is cheaper than the cost of equity. Does it imply that a firm should increase its debt-to-equity ratio to as high as possible such that its corporate cost of capital can be minimized?
North Star is trying to determine its optimal capital structure, which now consists of only common equity. The firm will add debt to its capital structure if it minimizes its WACC, but the firm has no plans to use preferred stock in its capital structure. In addition, the firm’s size will remain the same, so funds obtained from debt issued will be used to repurchase stock. The percentage of shares repurchased will be equal to the percentage of debt added to the firm’s capital structure. (In other words, if the firm’s debt-to-capital ratio increases from 0 to 25%, then 25% of the shares outstanding will be repurchased.) North Star is a small firm with average sales of $25 million or less during the past 3 years, so it is exempt from the interest deduction limitation. Its treasury staff has consulted with investment bankers. On the basis of those discussions, the staff has created the following table showing the firm’s debt cost at different debt levels: Debt-to-Capital Ratio (Wd)…
If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. There are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. The first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. Because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected rate of return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. The second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: Cost of equity from new stock = r, D1 +8 Po(1-F) The difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. Quantitative Problem: Barton Industries expects next year's annual dividend, D1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. The firm's current common stock price, Po, is $25.00. If it needs to issue…
North Star is trying to determine its optimal capital structure, which now consists of only common equity. The firm will add debt to its capital structure if it minimizes its WACC, but the firm has no plans to use preferred stock in its capital structure. In addition, the firm’s size will remain the same, so funds obtained from debt issued will be used to repurchase stock. The percentage of shares repurchased will be equal to the percentage of debt added to the firm’s capital structure. (In other words, if the firm’s debt-to-capital ratio increases from 0 to 25%, then 25% of the shares outstanding will be repurchased.) North Star is a small firm with average sales of $25 million or less during the past 3 years, so it is exempt from the interest deduction limitation. Its treasury staff has consulted with investment bankers. On the basis of those discussions, the staff has created the following table showing the firm’s debt cost at different debt levels: Debt-to-Capital Ratio (Wd)…
Please critically comment on the following sentence (with a maximum of 500 words):“Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is too complicated and not useful forfinancial management as we should only calculate the cost of borrowing/debt since we donot have to pay our shareholders any dividends if we choose to.”
The equity versus debt decision relies on a large number of factors such as the existing capital structure of the business, the current economic state and the business life cycle stage (CFI,2019). And the best capital structure for a business is the capital structure that minimizes the business’s WACC. To be more specific, the cost of equity is higher compared to the cost of debt since the investors take more risk when purchasing a company’s stock compared to purchasing a company’s bond. Thus, financing purely with equity will lead to high WACC. In that case which one do you think will be more efficient in maximizing the firm value?

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