In class we did the exercise of writing the IPO diagram for determining the tip and tax for a restaurant bill.  Given that assignment which of the following is NOT a key piece of information that you would need to know   a. The tax rate for a given state   b. Where you are geographically speaking   c. The items ordered for each person in the party   d. The total of the bill   e. The preferred tip rate

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Eight puzzle problem

The N-puzzle problem contains N tiles (N+1 including empty tiles) where the value of N can be 8, 15, 24, etc. The puzzle is divided into the square root of (N+1) rows and the square root of (N+1) columns. These problems have an initial state or configuration and a goal state or configuration. The puzzle can be solved by shifting the tiles one by one in the empty space. The objective is to place the numbers on the tiles to match the final state using the empty space. The other name for the N-puzzle problem is the sliding puzzle.