In audio and communications systems, the gain, ?, in decibels is defined for an amplifier as ? = 10 ??? ?!"# ?!" where Pin is the power input to the system and Pout is the power output. (a) A particular amplifier puts out 135 W of power for an input of 1.0 mW. What is its gain in dB? (b) If a signal-to-noise ratio of 93 dB is specified, what is the noise power if the output signal is 10 W?

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A:

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Debye Theory of Solids

In solid-state physics, debye theory is used to estimate the phonons contributing to the specific heat capacity in a solid. It explains that the specific heat is a consequence of the vibrations of the atomic lattice of the solid, which is in contrast to the Einstein model. In the Einstein model, solids are treated as independent, non-interacting quantum harmonic oscillators. This model clearly explains the low-temperature dependence of the heat capacity, which is proportional to T3. This is known as Debye T3 law.