In a trapezoidal piece of land ABCD, the measured length of AB = 95 m, BC = 135 m, CD = 47 m and DA = 68 m. The bearings were also recorded and the latitude and departure of each course was computed. If the summation of the positive latitudes exceeds that of the summation of negative latitudes by 0.65 m and the summation of positive departures exceeds that of the summation of negative departures by 1.12 m,

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Q: A parcel of land has been surveyed in the field and the lengths and bearings of the various sides…

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Control Survey and Geodetic reductions

Control surveys or survey controls are used to establish reference points as a basis for various construction activities. Vertical and horizontal control points are to be established in a control survey to increase accuracy. After establishing the control points, all other types of surveys such as topographic, right-of-way, aerial mapping, construction layout, boundary surveys, and utility mapping can be worked upon so that control networks can be formed. The place from which the observations are made is called a survey station.