What evolutionary mechanism is occuring in each of the following examples, justify your answer:In a population of Darwin’s Finches (Geospiza sp.) there is a large variation in beak size. Grass and mallow seeds can only be eaten by finches with small beaks. Seeds from thorn shrubs can only be eaten by birds with larger, thicker beaks. During a series of years with less rain, grasses and mallows are unable to reproduce and so only thorn shrub seeds are present. Over the course of this drought, the average size of finch beaks becomes larger.Columbine flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds and hawkmoths. Hawkmoths prefer to pollinate yellow flowers, while hummingbirds prefer to pollinate red flowers. Most flowers in a certain population are an intermediate orange color to attract both pollinators.Ensatina from one population are able to survive by camouflaging with their backgrounds. Ensatina from the other population are bright orange mimics of a poisonous newt (Taricha). Hybrid offspring of the two populations are neither camouflaged nor do they look like newts, and so get easily eaten by predators.A species of plant produces either red or blue flowers. During a forest fire all the plants that produced blue flowers were destroyed. The new population consists of plants with red flowers only.Some residents of Limone (a small town in Italy) exhibit extreme longevity. In 1979, researchers found that they possess a different form of a protein that results in lower risk of heart diseases. The origin of this variant protein can be traced back to a couple from Limone in the 17th century. A small group of worker bees (which can’t reproduce) from Canada get blown in a storm across Lake Superior to Wisconsin. They still visit flowers in the U.S. and so some pollen originally from Canada is brought to flowers in the U.S.

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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

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Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

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What evolutionary mechanism is occuring in each of the following examples, justify your answer:

In a population of Darwin’s Finches (Geospiza sp.) there is a large variation in beak size. Grass and mallow seeds can only be eaten by finches with small beaks. Seeds from thorn shrubs can only be eaten by birds with larger, thicker beaks. During a series of years with less rain, grasses and mallows are unable to reproduce and so only thorn shrub seeds are present. Over the course of this drought, the average size of finch beaks becomes larger.
Columbine flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds and hawkmoths. Hawkmoths prefer to pollinate yellow flowers, while hummingbirds prefer to pollinate red flowers. Most flowers in a certain population are an intermediate orange color to attract both pollinators.
Ensatina from one population are able to survive by camouflaging with their backgrounds. Ensatina from the other population are bright orange mimics of a poisonous newt (Taricha). Hybrid offspring of the two populations are neither camouflaged nor do they look like newts, and so get easily eaten by predators.
A species of plant produces either red or blue flowers. During a forest fire all the plants that produced blue flowers were destroyed. The new population consists of plants with red flowers only.
Some residents of Limone (a small town in Italy) exhibit extreme longevity. In 1979, researchers found that they possess a different form of a protein that results in lower risk of heart diseases. The origin of this variant protein can be traced back to a couple from Limone in the 17th century.
A small group of worker bees (which can’t reproduce) from Canada get blown in a storm across Lake Superior to Wisconsin. They still visit flowers in the U.S. and so some pollen originally from Canada is brought to flowers in the U.S.

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