In 2009 the Organization for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment (OECD) conducted a study of 34 membercountries called the Programme for International StudentAssessment (PISA). The OECD looked at reading scores among 15-year-olds in each country as well as the stu-dents’ socioeconomic backgrounds. PISA reported that higher socioeconomic status was associated with higher reading scores, with their socioeconomic index explain-ing 14% of the variability in reading scores. (Source: Sahlberg, Pasi, “A Model Lesson: FinlandShows Us What Equal Opportunity Looks Like,”American Educator Spring 2012: 25.)Which of the following can be correctly concluded fromthis information?A) For every additional point in the mean reading scorein an OECD country, the PISA socioeconomic indexis expected to increase by 14% on average.B) For every additional one percent increase in the PISAsocioeconomic index, the mean reading score isexpected to increase by 14% on average.C) If the U.S. government wants to increase the meanreading score for American 15-year-olds, it wouldbe wise to institute programs to improve students’socioeconomic status.D) The correlation between the PISA socioeconomicindex and reading scores for these OECD countries is0.374.E) 14% of the variation in reading scores is caused bystudent socioeconomic status.

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ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

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Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

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Problem 1QTC

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In 2009 the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) conducted a study of 34 member
countries called the Programme for International Student
Assessment (PISA). The OECD looked at reading scores

among 15-year-olds in each country as well as the stu-
dents’ socioeconomic backgrounds. PISA reported that

higher socioeconomic status was associated with higher

reading scores, with their socioeconomic index explain-
ing 14% of the variability in reading scores.

(Source: Sahlberg, Pasi, “A Model Lesson: Finland
Shows Us What Equal Opportunity Looks Like,”
American Educator Spring 2012: 25.)
Which of the following can be correctly concluded from
this information?
A) For every additional point in the mean reading score
in an OECD country, the PISA socioeconomic index
is expected to increase by 14% on average.
B) For every additional one percent increase in the PISA
socioeconomic index, the mean reading score is
expected to increase by 14% on average.
C) If the U.S. government wants to increase the mean
reading score for American 15-year-olds, it would
be wise to institute programs to improve students’
socioeconomic status.
D) The correlation between the PISA socioeconomic
index and reading scores for these OECD countries is
0.374.
E) 14% of the variation in reading scores is caused by
student socioeconomic status.

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