In 1974, Loftus and Palmer conducted a classic study demonstrating how the language used to ask a question can influence eyewitness memory. In the study, college students watched a film of an automobile accident and then were asked questions about what they saw. One group was asked, “About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?” Another group was asked the same question except the verb was changed to “hit” instead of “smashed into.” The “smashed into” group
In 1974, Loftus and Palmer conducted a classic study demonstrating how the language used to ask a question can influence eyewitness memory. In the study, college students watched a film of an automobile accident and then were asked questions about what they saw. One group was asked, “About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?” Another group was asked the same question except the verb was changed to “hit” instead of “smashed into.” The “smashed into” group reported significantly higher estimates of speed than the “hit” group. Suppose a researcher repeats this study with a sample of today’s college students and obtains the following results.
|
“Smashed into” |
“Hit” |
|
n = 10 |
n = 15 |
|
M = 40.8 |
M = 34 |
|
= 57 |
= 30 |
Do the results indicate a significantly higher estimated speed for the “smashed into” group? Test at α = .01. If so, calculate Cohen’s D. Show all steps of hypothesis testing and all of your work.
H0:
H1:
df:
Critical value:
(pooled) variance:
(estimated) standard error:
Calculated test statistic:
Decision:
Interpretation:
Cohen's d:
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