import time def raiseIndexError(): raise IndexError def raiseZeroDivisionErrorWithMessage (message:str): raise ZeroDivisionError(message) def raise This Exception (exception): raise exception def catchAndReturnMessage (message: str, main_function: callable) →> str: try: main_function() except Exception as e: return str(e) else: return message def catchCleanupAnd Throw (main_supplier: callable, index_supplier: callable, zero_supplier: callable, cleanup: callable) -> str: try: result = main_supplier() except IndexError: result = index_supplier() except ZeroDivisionError: result = zero_supplier() finally: cleanup() return result class Timer: definit__(self, time_out:int): self.time_out= time_out self.start_time = None self.end_time = None def get_total_time(self): if self.end_time == None: return -1 return self.end_time- self.start_time def _enter_(self): self.start_time = int(round(time.time()* 1000)) return self def_exit_(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback): self.end_time = time.time() if self.get_total_time() > self.time_out: raise TimeoutError

Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
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Certainly! Below is the transcription of the provided code, along with detailed explanations suited for an educational website:

---

### Python Error Handling and Timer Implementation

#### Code Overview

This Python code snippet demonstrates various functions for handling exceptions and implementing a timing mechanism using a custom `Timer` class.

#### Functions for Exception Handling

1. **raiseIndexError()**

   ```python
   def raiseIndexError():
       raise IndexError
   ```

   - This function raises an `IndexError` when called. It serves as a basic demonstration of raising predefined exceptions.

2. **raiseZeroDivisionErrorWithMessage(message: str)**

   ```python
   def raiseZeroDivisionErrorWithMessage(message: str):
       raise ZeroDivisionError(message)
   ```

   - This function takes a string message as an argument and raises a `ZeroDivisionError` with that message. It showcases how to raise exceptions with custom messages.

3. **raiseThisException(exception)**

   ```python
   def raiseThisException(exception):
       raise exception
   ```

   - This function raises a passed exception, illustrating how to dynamically raise exceptions based on the function’s arguments.

4. **catchAndReturnMessage(message: str, main_function: callable) -> str**

   ```python
   def catchAndReturnMessage(message: str, main_function: callable) -> str:
       try:
           main_function()
       except Exception as e:
           return str(e)
       else:
           return message
   ```

   - This function attempts to execute a callable `main_function`. If an exception is thrown, it catches it and returns the exception's string representation; otherwise, it returns the provided message.

5. **catchCleanupAndThrow(main_supplier: callable, index_supplier: callable, zero_supplier: callable, cleanup: callable) -> str**

   ```python
   def catchCleanupAndThrow(main_supplier: callable, index_supplier: callable, zero_supplier: callable, cleanup: callable) -> str:
       try:
           result = main_supplier()
       except IndexError:
           result = index_supplier()
       except ZeroDivisionError:
           result = zero_supplier()
       finally:
           cleanup()

       return result
   ```

   - This function executes a `main_supplier` callable and assigns its result to `result`. It handles `IndexError` and `ZeroDivisionError` by executing respective callables. The `finally` block ensures that the `cleanup` callable is executed regardless
Transcribed Image Text:Certainly! Below is the transcription of the provided code, along with detailed explanations suited for an educational website: --- ### Python Error Handling and Timer Implementation #### Code Overview This Python code snippet demonstrates various functions for handling exceptions and implementing a timing mechanism using a custom `Timer` class. #### Functions for Exception Handling 1. **raiseIndexError()** ```python def raiseIndexError(): raise IndexError ``` - This function raises an `IndexError` when called. It serves as a basic demonstration of raising predefined exceptions. 2. **raiseZeroDivisionErrorWithMessage(message: str)** ```python def raiseZeroDivisionErrorWithMessage(message: str): raise ZeroDivisionError(message) ``` - This function takes a string message as an argument and raises a `ZeroDivisionError` with that message. It showcases how to raise exceptions with custom messages. 3. **raiseThisException(exception)** ```python def raiseThisException(exception): raise exception ``` - This function raises a passed exception, illustrating how to dynamically raise exceptions based on the function’s arguments. 4. **catchAndReturnMessage(message: str, main_function: callable) -> str** ```python def catchAndReturnMessage(message: str, main_function: callable) -> str: try: main_function() except Exception as e: return str(e) else: return message ``` - This function attempts to execute a callable `main_function`. If an exception is thrown, it catches it and returns the exception's string representation; otherwise, it returns the provided message. 5. **catchCleanupAndThrow(main_supplier: callable, index_supplier: callable, zero_supplier: callable, cleanup: callable) -> str** ```python def catchCleanupAndThrow(main_supplier: callable, index_supplier: callable, zero_supplier: callable, cleanup: callable) -> str: try: result = main_supplier() except IndexError: result = index_supplier() except ZeroDivisionError: result = zero_supplier() finally: cleanup() return result ``` - This function executes a `main_supplier` callable and assigns its result to `result`. It handles `IndexError` and `ZeroDivisionError` by executing respective callables. The `finally` block ensures that the `cleanup` callable is executed regardless
**Test Timer Error Explanation**

### Error
**AssertionError**

- **Description:** The Timer context manager failed to raise a `TimeoutError` even though the function completed after the time-out limit. The code approximately took 943 milliseconds to execute, while the timeout was set to 487 milliseconds.

### Traceback Details

- **File Path:** `/var/gt_test_envs/7hDNGjWK9CdSx3ak/wrk/homeworkTest.py`, at line 192, within the `test_Timer` function.

- **Assertion:** 
  - Code Snippet: `self.assertFalse(timed_out, 'The Timer context manager failed to raise a TimeoutError even though the function completed after the time-out limit. The code approximately took %s ms to execute and the timeout time was %s ms.' % (sleep, time_out))`
  - **Error Message:** AssertionError: True is not false: The Timer context manager failed to raise a `TimeoutError` even though the function completed after the time-out limit. The code approximately took 943 ms to execute and the timeout time was 487 ms.

**Explanation:** This error indicates a discrepancy in timing management. The test expected the Timer to raise a TimeoutError, but it did not. This suggests potential areas to examine in the Timer's implementation, specifically regarding time tracking and error signaling.
Transcribed Image Text:**Test Timer Error Explanation** ### Error **AssertionError** - **Description:** The Timer context manager failed to raise a `TimeoutError` even though the function completed after the time-out limit. The code approximately took 943 milliseconds to execute, while the timeout was set to 487 milliseconds. ### Traceback Details - **File Path:** `/var/gt_test_envs/7hDNGjWK9CdSx3ak/wrk/homeworkTest.py`, at line 192, within the `test_Timer` function. - **Assertion:** - Code Snippet: `self.assertFalse(timed_out, 'The Timer context manager failed to raise a TimeoutError even though the function completed after the time-out limit. The code approximately took %s ms to execute and the timeout time was %s ms.' % (sleep, time_out))` - **Error Message:** AssertionError: True is not false: The Timer context manager failed to raise a `TimeoutError` even though the function completed after the time-out limit. The code approximately took 943 ms to execute and the timeout time was 487 ms. **Explanation:** This error indicates a discrepancy in timing management. The test expected the Timer to raise a TimeoutError, but it did not. This suggests potential areas to examine in the Timer's implementation, specifically regarding time tracking and error signaling.
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