Imagine that you repeat the tRNA Selection experiment with modifications as follows: 1. Synthesize mRNA containing A's and G's only (poly-AG in random order). 2. Convert the amino acid Glutamic acid (Glu) on its tRNA to the amino acid Glutamine (Gln) as shown below. 3. Mix your poly-AG RNA, your artificial TRNA, and cell extract (contains ribosomes, amino acids, all normal tRNAS, and the energy source for translation). Glu Gln CỤC CUC Glutamic acid (Glu) is encoded by GAA and GAG, while Glutamine (GIn) is encoded only by CAA and CAG. Given this, and based on what you know about tRNA selection, will Glutamine (Gln) be found in the resulting polypeptides? (Assume translation will happen even without a start codon.) O Yes, because the amino acid is selected based on the TRNA anticodon sequence. O No, because the ribosome selects the TRNA based on the attached amino acid. Yes, because all of the normal RNAS, including tRNA Gln are present in the assay. O None of the above

Imagine that you repeat the tRNA Selection experiment with modifications as follows: 1. Synthesize mRNA containing A's and G's only (poly-AG in random order). 2. Convert the amino acid Glutamic acid (Glu) on its tRNA to the amino acid Glutamine (Gln) as shown below. 3. Mix your poly-AG RNA, your artificial TRNA, and cell extract (contains ribosomes, amino acids, all normal tRNAS, and the energy source for translation). Glu Gln CỤC CUC Glutamic acid (Glu) is encoded by GAA and GAG, while Glutamine (GIn) is encoded only by CAA and CAG. Given this, and based on what you know about tRNA selection, will Glutamine (Gln) be found in the resulting polypeptides? (Assume translation will happen even without a start codon.) O Yes, because the amino acid is selected based on the TRNA anticodon sequence. O No, because the ribosome selects the TRNA based on the attached amino acid. Yes, because all of the normal RNAS, including tRNA Gln are present in the assay. O None of the above

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter19: Genomes And Proteomes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD: Below is a sequence of 540 bases from a genome. What information would you use to find the...

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2c) Give 3 different tRNA anticodon sequences that could be mutated by a single base substitution into that suppressor tRNA anticodon (the one that would match and suppress the 5'UAA3' stop codon) and name the amino acid that would be carried by each tRNA whose anticodon you have listed
Consider the following DNA sequence, which codes for a short polypeptide: 5'-ATGGGCTTAGCGTAGGTTAGT-3' Determine the mRNA transcript of this sequence. You have to write these sequences from the 5' end to the 3' end and indicate those ends as shown in the original sequence in order to get the full mark. How many amino acids will make up this polypeptide? Determine the first four anticodons that will be used in order to translate this sequence.
For each of the following items, fill in either the DNA strand, the MRNA codons, the tRNA anticodons, or the amino acid sequence that have been left blank. If several sequences might work, choose only one. Furthermore, circle the start and the stop codons of each mRNA sequence. 1. DNA (3'-5') ACG TAC GGC CGG TTA AAG CAT ACT TTC TTG MRNA TRNA Amino Acid 2. DNA (3'-5') MRNA AUG ACU AGC UGG GGG UAU UAC UUU UAG AAA TRNA Amino Acid 3. DNA (3'-5') MRNA TRNA GCU CCU UAC CAC ССС CGU AUG GCU GGG AUC Activate Go to Sett Amino Acid
28. a. Can a tRNA exist that has the anticodon sequence 5' IAA? If so, which amino acid would it carry? b. Answer the same question for the anticodon sequence 5' xm³s²UAA. 29. For parts (a) and (b) of Problem 28, consider the DNA sequences of the genes encoding the tRNAs. (Assume both tRNAs exist even if that is not true.) What is the sequence of the RNA-like strand of each tRNA gene that corresponds to the tRNA's anticodon? What is the sequence of the template strand of each gene for these same three nucleotides? Be sure to indicate polarities.
What is the primary difference betwee class I and class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. a. Class I synthetases acylate the terminal 2’ hydroxyl group of tRNAs; Class II synthetases acylate the terminal 3’ hydroxyl group of tRNAs. b. Class I synthetases acylate the terminal 3’ hydroxyl group of tRNAs; Class II synthetases acylate the terminal 2’ hydroxyl group of tRNAs. c. Class I synthetases acylate tRNAs with hydrophobic amino acids; Class II synthetases acylate tRNAs with polar amino acids. d. Class I synthetases acylate tRNAs with polar amino acids; Class II synthetases acylate tRNAs with hydrophobic amino acids.
The tRNA anticodon sequence 3’GAG 5’ is charged with the amino acid leucine. This anticodon may pair with both 5’ CUC 3’ and 5’ CUU 3’. Which of the following is consistent with this phenomenon? 1. The information provided is not accurate since only the 5’ CUC 3’ codon can complementary base pair with the 3’ GAG 5’ anticodon 2. This feature allows for the genetic code to be degenerate 3. This feature allows for the genetic code to be overlapping 4. This feature is commonly associated with tautomeric shifts 5. This feature causes a change in the encoded amino acid
Given the following Wild Type and Mutated DNA sequences: 1.) Identify where the base pair change occurs ( what letter changed?) 2.) For BOTH sequences, write the mRNA strands, define the codon regions and amino acid sequences. 3.) Describe what kind of mutation has occurred (missense, nonsense, or silent), and what effect this may have on the protein. Wild Type DNA Sequence: 3' - AGGCTCGCCTGT - 5' Mutated DNA Sequence: 3' - AGTCTCGCCTGT - 5'
Your labmate gives you a gene with the following sequence of the coding strand for the first 5 amino acids: 5'-ATGTCGTATCCCCGG-3' a. What is the sequence of the mRNA? Write your answer 5' to 3', but do not label ends. b. What is the encoded pentapeptide? Please write your answer in the form of: Pro-Thr-Asn c. You sequenced your labmate's provided gene, and found the following sequence: ATGTCATATCCGCGG. Will your labmate get their protein of interest from this sequence? (Yes or No?)
Refer to the DNA sequence provided: 3’ -TACTGAAGCGGCAGCCCCGCATGAGTAGACCTTACT-5’ a. What is the mRNA transcript of the anticoding strand of the DNA model? b. What is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain that will be translated from the mRNA in (a)?
put in correct order the steps for initiating translation. 1. Binding of initiator tRNA to mRNA 2. Binding of large ribosomal subunit to mRNA 3. Binding of small ribosomal subunit to mRNA 4. Binding of tRNA with 2nd amino acid to the A site 5. Formation of covalent bond between methionine and second amino acid A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B) 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 C) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5 D) 2, 3, 1, 4, 5 E) 3, 2, 1, 4, 5
The wobble rules for tRNA-mRNA pairing are shown. If we assume that the tRNAs do not containmodified bases, what is the minimum number of tRNAs needed to recognize the codons for the following types of amino acids? A. Leucine B. Methionine C. Serine
For each of the five short mRNA nucleotide sequences given in the table below: 3. Translate the original sequence (for these short sequences start translation at the first nucleotide) 4. Identify (and highlight or underline) the one nucleotide difference between the original (left) and altered (right) sequences 5. For each altered nucleotide sequence give the type of mutation (effect at the DNA/nucleotide level; see #1 above) 6. Translate each changed sequence. Does the mutation result in a change in the amino acid sequence? If so, what is the effect of the mutation on protein structure (amino acid sequence; see #2 above)