iii. Vinyl chloride is the starting material for the production of poly(vinyl chloride), abbreviated PVC. Its recycling code is "V". The major use of PVC is for tubing in residential and commercial construction. H Cl C=C H H Vinyl chloride (a) Complete the Lewis structure for vinyl chloride by showing all unshared pairs of electrons. (b) Predict the H-C-H, H-C-C and Cl-C-H, bond angles in this molecule. (e) Does vinyl chloride have polar bonds? (d) Is it a polar molecule? (e) Does it have a dipole?
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
![iii. Vinyl chloride is the starting material for the production of
poly(vinyl chloride), abbreviated PVC. Its recycling code is
"V". The major use of PVC is for tubing in residential and
commercial construction.
H
Cl
H
H
Vinyl chloride
(a) Complete the Lewis structure for vinyl chloride by showing
all unshared pairs of electrons.
(b) Predict the H-C-H, H-C-C and Cl-C-H, bond angles in this
molecule.
(c) Does vinyl chloride have polar bonds?
(d) Is it a polar molecule?
(e) Does it have a dipole?
iv. Diazene (N,H,) and hydrazine (NH,NH,) are reactive nitrogen
compounds. Use the hybrid orbitals theory to compare the
bonding in these two molecules, and describe the differences in
their molecular structures.
v. Which molecules in the following figure show an increase in
bond order when one electron is added to the molecule? (Hint:
Use the molecular orbitals theory.)
Liz
Bez
B3
C2
N2
O2
Nez
vi. Use the molecular orbitals theory to decide whether NF would
be stabilized or destabilized by adding one electron to make the
corresponding anion and by removing an electron to form the
corresponding cation. {Hint: Describe the bonding in all
species.}](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff1af1d88-e762-4d7b-adab-ff648f06899c%2Fc30070a1-711b-4f29-a245-ff1a7f4f2178%2F96fsl4_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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