II. *Every summer you visit the same lake in Maine, and every summer the neighbor goes on and on about how the lake is "spring-fed" (groundwater discharges up into the lake bottom). You got to wondering if that was true, so you collected all the information you could from the local geological survey office about the lake hydrology for the month of June: The surface area of the lake is 285 acres (115 ha). ■ ■ There is one inlet stream. For the month of June, the total dis- charge measured at a stream gage at the lake inlet was 2.77 x 107 ft (7.84 x 105 m³). There is one outlet stream. For the month of June, the total dis- charge measured at a stream gage at the lake outlet was 3.12 x 107 ft³ (8.83 x 105 m³). During the month of June, the total precipitation measured in a rain gage at the lakeshore was 1.63 inches (4.14 cm).
II. *Every summer you visit the same lake in Maine, and every summer the neighbor goes on and on about how the lake is "spring-fed" (groundwater discharges up into the lake bottom). You got to wondering if that was true, so you collected all the information you could from the local geological survey office about the lake hydrology for the month of June: The surface area of the lake is 285 acres (115 ha). ■ ■ There is one inlet stream. For the month of June, the total dis- charge measured at a stream gage at the lake inlet was 2.77 x 107 ft (7.84 x 105 m³). There is one outlet stream. For the month of June, the total dis- charge measured at a stream gage at the lake outlet was 3.12 x 107 ft³ (8.83 x 105 m³). During the month of June, the total precipitation measured in a rain gage at the lakeshore was 1.63 inches (4.14 cm).
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
Related questions
Question
Answer number 11 a b and c
Transcribed Image Text:22
Groundwater: The Big Picture
-
☐
Direct evaporation off the lake surface totaled 3.47 inches
(8.81 cm) during the month of June.
-
The lake level dropped 4.30 inches (10.9 cm) during the month
of June.
(a) List the items that contribute flow into the lake, and items that
contribute flow out of the lake (there may be unknown items I
have not listed above). Write a hydrologic equation for the water
balance of the lake in June.
(b) Quantify each of the terms in the hydrologic equation in units of
equation.
ft³ or m³ for the month of June, and solve for unknowns in the
12. Consider the water balance for a reservoir with a surface area of 2.3 km².
Download a comma-delimited text file of the following fluxes over the
.com/9780123847058).
course of a year from the book website (http://booksite.academicpress
Discharge of the inlet stream (m³/month)
Discharge of the outlet stream (m³/month)
Precipitation rate on the reservoir surface (cm/month)
Evaporation rate off the reservoir surface (cm/month)
month (m)
Reservoir elevation above sea level at the beginning of the
lake is "spring-fed"?
(c) What, if anything, can you conclude about the notion that the
(d) What measurements would you make to prove whether or not
someone is willing to pay for it.)
groundwater is discharging up into the lake bottom? (Assume
Other than the net groundwater discharge
fluxes are the only
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(28 inches/year
= 71 cm/yr), stream flow (13 inches/year = 33 cm/yr),
and baseflow (6 inches/year = 15 cm/yr). Groundwater that is pumped
and exported from the basin totals 1.8 x 10° ft³/year (5.1 × 107 m³/yr).
Assume that there is zero net flux of groundwater through the basin
boundaries. Create a chart like Figure 1.5 illustrating fluxes in the basin.
Estimate the average annual rates of the following items:
(a) Overland flow + interflow (lump these two)
(b) Recharge
(c) Evapotranspiration
Report your answers in inches/year or cm/yr (think of it as vol-
ume/time/basin area).
II. *Every summer you visit the same lake in Maine, and every summer the
neighbor goes on and on about how the lake is "spring-fed" (groundwater
discharges up into the lake bottom). You got to wondering if that was true,
so you collected all the information you could from the local geological
survey office about the lake hydrology for the month of June:
The surface area of the lake is 285 acres (115 ha).
☐
I
There is one inlet stream. For the month of June, the total dis-
charge measured at a stream gage at the lake inlet was 2.77 x
107 ft³ (7.84 x 105 m³).
There is one outlet stream. For the month of June, the total dis-
charge measured at a stream gage at the lake outlet was 3.12 x
107ft³ (8.83 x 105 m³).
During the month of June, the total precipitation measured in a
rain gage at the lakeshore was 1.63 inches (4.14 cm).
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