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II II IV 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20

II II IV 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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what is the compound from the given NMR spectrum? 

The image displays the chemical structures of four different esters labeled I, II, III, and IV. Below these structures is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum graph. **Chemical Structures:** - **Compound I:** An ester with a three-carbon chain on the alcohol side. - **Compound II:** An ester with a five-carbon chain on the alcohol side. - **Compound III:** An ester with a two-carbon chain on the alcohol side. - **Compound IV:** An ester with a four-carbon chain on the alcohol side. **NMR Spectrum:** - The x-axis is labeled "ppm," ranging from 0 to 200, indicating the chemical shift in parts per million. - The spectrum features several peaks, which represent different carbon environments in the compounds: - A significant peak is observed around 180 ppm, likely corresponding to the carbonyl carbon (C=O) in esters. - Multiple peaks appear between 10 and 60 ppm, which are characteristic of the aliphatic carbon environments. Each peak corresponds to the different carbon types present in the ester compounds shown above the graph. The height and position of the peaks provide insights into the structure and environment of the carbons in these molecules.
Transcribed Image Text:The image displays the chemical structures of four different esters labeled I, II, III, and IV. Below these structures is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum graph. **Chemical Structures:** - **Compound I:** An ester with a three-carbon chain on the alcohol side. - **Compound II:** An ester with a five-carbon chain on the alcohol side. - **Compound III:** An ester with a two-carbon chain on the alcohol side. - **Compound IV:** An ester with a four-carbon chain on the alcohol side. **NMR Spectrum:** - The x-axis is labeled "ppm," ranging from 0 to 200, indicating the chemical shift in parts per million. - The spectrum features several peaks, which represent different carbon environments in the compounds: - A significant peak is observed around 180 ppm, likely corresponding to the carbonyl carbon (C=O) in esters. - Multiple peaks appear between 10 and 60 ppm, which are characteristic of the aliphatic carbon environments. Each peak corresponds to the different carbon types present in the ester compounds shown above the graph. The height and position of the peaks provide insights into the structure and environment of the carbons in these molecules.
### NMR Spectroscopy Analysis #### Graph Description: The graph displays a typical Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrum. The x-axis represents the chemical shift in parts per million (ppm), ranging from 0 to 11 ppm. The y-axis indicates the intensity of the signal, reflecting the number of hydrogen nuclei (protons) experiencing that chemical environment. #### Key Features: - **Chemical Shifts:** Peaks appear throughout the spectrum, each corresponding to different hydrogen environments within the molecule. Notable peaks are observed around 1 ppm, 2 ppm, and between 3-5 ppm. - **Integration:** The area under each peak correlates to the number of equivalent protons. - **Splitting Patterns:** Peaks in the spectrum may show splitting, indicating neighboring non-equivalent protons causing spin-spin coupling. #### Question: Based on the above NMR spectrum, select the compound that corresponds to the pattern observed. - O ( ) I - O ( ) II - O ( ) III - O ( ) IV This spectrum is essential in identifying molecular structure via the specific chemical environments experienced by hydrogen atoms in the molecule.
Transcribed Image Text:### NMR Spectroscopy Analysis #### Graph Description: The graph displays a typical Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrum. The x-axis represents the chemical shift in parts per million (ppm), ranging from 0 to 11 ppm. The y-axis indicates the intensity of the signal, reflecting the number of hydrogen nuclei (protons) experiencing that chemical environment. #### Key Features: - **Chemical Shifts:** Peaks appear throughout the spectrum, each corresponding to different hydrogen environments within the molecule. Notable peaks are observed around 1 ppm, 2 ppm, and between 3-5 ppm. - **Integration:** The area under each peak correlates to the number of equivalent protons. - **Splitting Patterns:** Peaks in the spectrum may show splitting, indicating neighboring non-equivalent protons causing spin-spin coupling. #### Question: Based on the above NMR spectrum, select the compound that corresponds to the pattern observed. - O ( ) I - O ( ) II - O ( ) III - O ( ) IV This spectrum is essential in identifying molecular structure via the specific chemical environments experienced by hydrogen atoms in the molecule.
Expert Solution
Step 1: Explanation

In 13C spectroscopy, a carbon associated with carbonyl carbon (C=O) has a peak at ~ 170-180 ppm. A carbon with directly attached with O atom gives a 13C peak at ~60-70 ppm. Rest all normal hydrocarbon gives peak in the range of 10-30 ppm.

For the 1H NMR simply you can say that more electronegative the atom attached near to H give a chemical shift as deshielded. ( Away from zero).

And fro electron donating groups attached, H gave a peak towards zero depending upon the strength of group attached. (Shielding).

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