If you are a dog lover, having your dog with you may reduce your stress level. Does having a friend with you reduce stress? To examine the effect of pets and friends in stressful situations, researchers recruited 45 women who said they were dog lovers. Fifteen women were assigned at random to each of three groups: to do a stressful task (1) alone, (2) with a good friend present, or (3) with their dogs present. The stressful task was to count backward by 13s or 17s. The woman's average heart rate during the task was one measure of the effect of stress. The following table shows the data. 1. Identify any outliers in the three groups. Show your work. 2. Make parallel boxplots to compare the heart rates of the women in the three groups. 3. Based on the data, does it appear that the presence of a pet or friend 19 reduces heart rate during a stressful task? Justify your Alone 62.6 70.9 73.3 75.5 77.8 80.4 84.5 84.7 Alone 84.9 87.2 87.4 87.8 90.0 91.8 99.0 Friend 76.9 80.3 81.6 83.4 87.0 88.0 89.8 91.4 Friend 92.5 97.0 98.2 99.7 100.9 101.1 102.2 Pet 58.7 64.2 65.4 68.9 69.2 69.2 69.5 70.2 20 Pet 70.1 72.3 76.0 79.7 85.0 86.4 97.5 answer.
Inverse Normal Distribution
The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.
Mean, Median, Mode
It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Z-Scores
A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.
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