The residual distribution policy approach to dividend policy is based on the theory that a firm's optimal dividend distribution policy is a function of thefirm's target capital structure, the investment opportunities available to the firm, and the availability and cost of external capital. The firm makesdistributions based on the residual earnings.Consider the case of Yellow Duck Distribution Company:60%DebtYellow Duck Distribution Company is expected to generate $240,000,000 in net income over the next year. Yellow Duck Distribution'sstockholders expect it to maintain its long-run dividend payout ratio of 25% of earnings.40%EquityIf the firm wants to maintain its current capital structure of 60% debt and 40% equity, the maximum capital budget it can support with this year'sexpected net income isIf Yellow Duck Distribution increases its debt ratio, then its dividend payout ratio willconstant.YesMost firms have earnings that vary considerably from year to year and do not grow at a reliably constant pace. Furthermore, their required investmentmay change often. Does this mean that the residual distribution policy approach can't be of any help to most firms?O No, assuming that all other factors are heldIf you were to graph a firm's earnings, cash flows, and dividends over the past 20 years, which would you expect to be the most stable over time?Cash flowDividendsO Earnings

Capital structure refers to the way a company finances its operations and growth through a…

If Yellow Duck Distribution increases its debt ratio, then its dividend payout ratio will constant. Most firms have earnings that vary considerably from year to year and do not grow at a reliably constant pace. Furthermore, their required investment may change often. Does this mean that the residual distribution policy approach can't be of any help to most firms? Yes No assuming that all other factors are held If you were to graph a firm's earnings, cash flows, and dividends over the past 20 years, which would you expect to be the most stable over time? Cash flow Dividends Earnings

If Yellow Duck Distribution increases its debt ratio, then its dividend payout ratio will constant. Most firms have earnings that vary considerably from year to year and do not grow at a reliably constant pace. Furthermore, their required investment may change often. Does this mean that the residual distribution policy approach can't be of any help to most firms? Yes No assuming that all other factors are held If you were to graph a firm's earnings, cash flows, and dividends over the past 20 years, which would you expect to be the most stable over time? Cash flow Dividends Earnings

Essentials Of Investments

11th Edition

ISBN:9781260013924

Author:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.

Publisher:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.

Chapter1: Investments: Background And Issues

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PS

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growtri SLOCK As companies evolve, certain factors can drive sudden growth. This may lead to a period of nonconstant, or variable, growth. This would cause the expected growth rate to increase or decrease, thereby affecting the valuation model. For companies in such situations, you would refer to the variable, or nonconstant, growth model for the valuation of the company's stock. Consider the case of Portman Industries: Portman Industries just paid a dividend of $2.64 per share. The company expects the coming year to be very profitable, and its dividend is expected to grow by 16.00% over the next year. After the next year, though, Portman's dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 3.20% per year. Assuming that the market is in equilibrium, use the information just given to complete the table. Term Value Dividends one year from now (D1) Horizon value (P) Intrinsic value of Portman's stock The risk-free rate (TRF) is 4.00%, the market risk premium (RPM) is 4.80%, and Portman's…
As companies evolve, certain factors can drive sudden growth. This may lead to a period of nonconstant, or variable, growth. This would cause the expected growth rate to increase or decrease, thereby affecting the valuation model. For companies in such situations, you would refer to the variable, or nonconstant, growth model for the valuation of the company’s stock. Consider the case of Portman Industries: Portman Industries just paid a dividend of $3.12 per share. The company expects the coming year to be very profitable, and its dividend is expected to grow by 12.00% over the next year. After the next year, though, Portman’s dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 2.40% per year. Assuming that the market is in equilibrium, use the information just given to complete the table. Term Value Dividends one year from now (D₁) ($3.66, 4.00, 3.49, 3.57) Horizon value (Pˆ1P̂1) ($148.75, 76.54, 78.29, 51.29) Intrinsic value of Portman’s stock ($76.46, 83.15,…
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If the statementis false, explain why.f. If a firm follows a residual dividend policy then, holding all else constant, its dividend payout will tend to rise whenever the firm’s investment opportunities improve.
Which of the following statements is correct? A. The optimal dividend policy is the one that satisfies management, not shareholders. B. The use of debt financing has no effect on earnings per share (EPS) or stock price. C. Stock price is dependent on the projected EPS and the use of debt, but not on the timing of the earnings stream. D. The riskiness of projected EPS can impact the firm's value. E. Dlvidend policy is one aspect of the firm's financial policy that is determined solely by the shareholders. Reset Selection
13. A short-term creditor would be interested in A. profitability ratio. B. efficiency ratio. C. liquidity ratio. D. leverage ratio. The quick ratio of a firm would be unaffected by which of the following? 14. A. Land held for investment is sold for cash. B. Equipment is purchased, financed by a long-term debt issue. C. Inventories are sold for cash D. Inventories are sold on a credit basis.
If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. There are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. The first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. Because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected rate of return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. The second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: Cost of equity from new stock = r, D1 +8 Po(1-F) The difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. Quantitative Problem: Barton Industries expects next year's annual dividend, D1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. The firm's current common stock price, Po, is $25.00. If it needs to issue…
The corporate valuation model, the price-to-earnings (P/E) multiple approach, and the economic value added (EVA) approach are some examples of valuation techniques. The corporate valuation model is similar to the dividend-based valuation that you’ve done in previous problems, but it focuses on a firm’s free cash flows (FCFs) instead of its dividends. Some firms don’t pay dividends, or their dividends are difficult to forecast. For that reason, some analysts use the corporate valuation model. Charles Underwood Agency Inc. has an expected net operating profit after taxes, EBIT(1 – T), of $17,400 million in the coming year. In addition, the firm is expected to have net capital expenditures of $2,610 million, and net operating working capital (NOWC) is expected to increase by $30 million. How much free cash flow (FCF) is Charles Underwood Agency Inc. expected to generate over the next year? $14,820 million $19,980 million $321,693 million $14,760 million…
How many statements below are correct about the Modigliani-Miller theorem? i. The theorem is not an exact description of reality. ii. The theorem provides a benchmark to understand how the capital structure could affect WACC. iii. The theorem implies that firms have benefited from financing with debt due to a higher required rate of return on debt compared with equity. iv. The value of the firm is not affected by its capital structure under any assumptions.
Several factors affect a firm’s need for external funds. Evaluate the effect of each following factor and place a check next to each factor that is likely to increase a firm’s need for external capital—that is, its AFN (additional funds needed). Check all that apply. The firm increases its dividend payout ratio. The firm switches its supplier for the majority of its raw materials. The new supplier offers less favorable credit terms and thus reduces the trade credit available to the firm, resulting in a reduction in accounts payable. The firm improves its production system and increases its profit margin. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities represent obligations that the firm must pay off. Assuming everything else holds constant, if they increase, the firm’s AFN will_________ .
Modigliani and Miller suggest that, under certain assumptions, financing decisions do not matter in that they do not affect the value of the firm. They define when these assumptions hold as perfect markets. Which of the following are assumptions that they claim must hold for financing decisions to be irrelevant? Group of answer choices There are no taxes There are no transaction costs The firm has a fixed investment policy The sun must rise in the North and set in the South
What affects the firm’s operating break-even point? Several factors affect a firm’s operating break-even point. Based on the scenarios described in the following table, indicate whether these factors would increase, decrease, or leave unchanged a firm’s break-even quantity—assuming that only the listed factor changes and all other relevant factors remain constant. Increase Decrease No Change The product’s sales price increases. The amount of debt increases, causing the firm’s total interest expense to increase. The firm’s fixed costs increase. When fixed costs are high, a small decline in sales can lead to a decline in return on invested capital (ROI).

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