If we say that electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom in rings or shells, we can assign that ring a limit on how many electrons they can carry. We say that the ring that surrounds the nucleus has room for 2 electrons, then each ring after that has room for 8 electrons. The outer most ring is called the valence ring or valance shell and may or may not be full. Realistically, this might not be the most accurate way to diagramming electron distribution, but it helps us to see why they are where they are on the table and why they bond the way that they do. It also helps us establish the Group number at the top of each column. Let’s look at Carbon (C) – Given that C has an atomic number of 6: How many protons does it have? D How many electrons does it have? E How many are in the first ring? F Second ring? G
If we say that electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom in rings or shells, we can assign that ring a limit on how many electrons they can carry. We say that the ring that surrounds the nucleus has room for 2 electrons, then each ring after that has room for 8 electrons. The outer most ring is called the valence ring or valance shell and may or may not be full. Realistically, this might not be the most accurate way to diagramming electron distribution, but it helps us to see why they are where they are on the table and why they bond the way that they do. It also helps us establish the Group number at the top of each column.
Let’s look at Carbon (C) – Given that C has an
How many protons does it have? D
How many electrons does it have? E
How many are in the first ring? F Second ring? G
Draw the number of electrons around each of these elements on your periodic table.
What do you notice about the number of valence electrons of H and Na?
What column (Group) would you find those two?
What do you notice about the valence electrons of Cl? N?
What column (Group) are those two elements in? Cl? N?
see a trend? Describe it H
What does the row tell you about how many shells have electrons? A
What do you think this means about Ne? Does it have room for more electrons? B
Look at the other members of that group. What does that mean about their valence electrons? C
The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons and electrons present in it.
For example, the atomic number of Hydrogen is 1, so the nucleus of the hydrogen atom will have 1 proton and will be surrounded by 1 electron.
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