If the government wants to increase the market efficiency through price regulation, would you suggest the government setting the price equal to the firm’s marginal cost or its average total cost? Explain in detail with the diagram in part
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If the government wants to increase the
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- Assume the supply curve of the typical taxi cab driver in Chicago is P = 4 + 2Q. Suppose the market price is P = 12. Assume cab drivers, sellers of taxi services the in Chicago are regulated by a municipal authority. The regulatory authority charges the sellers a “license fee” that must be paid in order to obtain a license to operate a cab. What is the maximum license fee the regulators can charge? Use the concept of the “seller’s surplus” to answer the question.An unregulated natural monopoly bottles Mt. McKinley air, unique clean air that has no substitutes. The monopoly's total fixed cost is $30,000 a year and its marginal cost is 10 cents a can. The graph illustrates the demand for Mt. McKinley air. Draw the average total cost curve. Plot the four control points at the quantities 100,000, 200,000, 300,000, and 400,000. Label the curve. Draw a point at the new quantity and price if the regulator sets a price cap such that the monopoly breaks even. The number of cans produced sold its marginal cost. A. is; benefit; exceeds B. is not; benefit; exceeds OC. is not; revenue; is greater than D. is; revenue; equals the efficient quantity because the marginal from the last can 60- 50- 40- 30- 20 20 10- Price (cents per can) 0- ATC MC D $300 100 200 300 400 Quantity (thousands of cans per year) >>> Draw only the objects specified in the question. 500Graphically show a monopoly firm that currently sells 250 units of output at a price of $60/unit, where the marginal revenue of the 250th unit is $40, the marginal cost of the 250th unit is $50, and the average total cost at 250 units is $60. [Hint: Based on the information given, is the quantity you’re asked to show the profit-maximizing quantity? Think about what has to be true for profit-maximization.] Based on the graph and assuming the firm attempts to profit maximize (and succeeds), what would happen to price, quantity, MR, MC, and ATC? (rise, fall, or stay the same?)
- The table below shows cost data for producing different amounts of cleaning products. Suppose this market is a monopoly. Use the information in the table to find the output where the monopoly would maximize profit. Price ($) Quantity Total Revenue ($) Total Cost ($) 150 0 0 100 120 5 600 180 100 10 1000 400 90 15 1350 675 80 20 1600 1120 70 25 1750 1750 Profit maximizing quantity: What is the profit the monopoly achieved? $Monopoly: Work It Out Earlier we mentioned the special case of a monopoly where MC = 0. Let’s find the firm’s best choice when more goods can be produced at no extra cost. Since so much e‑commerce is close to this model—where the fixed cost of inventing the product and satisfying government regulators is the only cost that matters—the MC = 0 case will be more important in the future than it was in the past. For each demand curve, calculate the profit-maximizing level of output and price as well as the monopolist's profit. a. ?=200−?P=200−Q, fixed cost = 1,000. Profit‑maximizing output Q = Profit‑maximizing price P = $ Monopolist's profit: $ b. ?=4,000−?P=4,000−Q, fixed cost = 900,000 (Driving the point home from part a) Profit‑maximizing output Q = Profit‑maximizing price P = $ Monopolist's profit: $ c. ?=120−12?P=120−12Q, fixed cost = 1,000…On the following graph, use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the profit-maximizing price and quantity. Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to shade the profit, the green points (triangle symbol) to shade the consumer surplus, and the black points (plus symbol) to shade the deadweight loss in this market without price discrimination. (Note: If you decide that consumer surplus, profit, or deadweight loss equals zero, indicate this by leaving that element in its original position on the palette.) PRICE (Dollars per pair of Stompers) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 + 80 MR Demand MC = ATC + 160 240 320 400 480 560 640 720 800 QUANTITY (Pairs of Stompers) Monopoly Outcome Δ Consumer Surplus Profit Deadweight Loss ?
- Use the drop-down menus to select answers that best complete the following sentences about profit, output, and price regulations. Choose A, B or C for each of the bolded sections. 1. Profit Regulation (A.- Requires firms to set price equal to ATC, B. - mandates the quantity that the natural monopoly produces C. - requires firms to set price equal to MC). Under this regulation, the firm (might lower quality of the product as a way of increasing profits, loses its incentive to reduce costs, achieves allocative efficiency; however, the firm may be unable to make a profit). 2. Price Regulation (A.- Requires firms to set price equal to ATC, B. - mandates the quantity that the natural monopoly produces C. - requires firms to set price equal to MC). Under this regulation, the firm (A. - might lower quality of the product as a way of increasing profits B. - loses its incentive to reduce costs C. - achieves allocative efficiency; however, the firm may be unable to make a profit). 3. Output…Imagine you are the owner of the Omaha Surfboard Company. You have a branch in Omaha and in Long Beach CA. After some market research you find the following surfboard demand for each market, Omaha Demand: Qo = 1000 – 10P Long Beach Demand: QL = 1000 – 5P Combined/Total Demand: Q = 2000 – 15P Your marginal cost is constant at $40. a. Find your price and quantity if you treated the market as a single entity with a single price. What is your profit? (Hint: find Marginal Revenue and set equal to MC) b. If you treat each market separately, what is P and Quantity in each market, and final profit?Suppose a monopoly is producing at its profit-maximising (loss-minimizing) quantity, and the price corresponding to this quantity is below average total cost but above average variable cost. The monopoly will shut down in the short run but return to production in the long run shut down in the short run and exit the market in the long run keep producing both in the short run and in the long run keep producing in the short run but exit the market in the long run None of the above.
- The figure to the right shows the market demand for electricity and the average total cost and marginal cost of producing electricity for a utility company. Suppose the utility company is a regulated natural monopoly. If government regulators want to achieve economic efficiency, then they will regulate a price of $ per kilowatt hour. (Enter a numeric response using a real number rounded to two decimal places) Now suppose instead that government regulators want to eat the lowest price such that the utility company will not suffer a loss so that it will continue to produce in the long run. If so, then i government regulators will set a price of $ per kilowatt hour. Price and cost (dollars per kilowatt hour) 0.52 048 044- 040- 0.36 0324 0.26 0.24 0.20 0.16 0.12 0.06 004 0.00+ ATC MC 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 Quantity of kilowatt hours (in billions)The three graphs below illustrate the market for electricity. The distribution of electricity is a natural monopoly; therefore, to take advantage of lower production costs, it is efficient to have only one firm in the market. Unfortunately, if a monopoly were allowed to provide electricity, it would charge a higher price and provide a smaller amount of electricity than would be desirable. In other words, the unregulated monopoly would charge the monopoly's profit-maximizing price. To avoid this, the government will allow a single firm to provide electricity, but the government will regulate the price. Let’s compare possible regulatory solutions.Suppose that the demand for good x is given by : P=100-8q Marginal cost of production is given by : P=10+2q MR is given by 100-16q What will the equilibrium quantity and price be in a competivite market? Calculate consumer, producer and total surplus. If we contrast this market to one in which good x is produced by a monopoly, what will be the quantity produced and the price each unit will be sold as? Calculate consumer, producer and total surplus. What will be the loss in total surplus due to a monopolist?