If log contains record but does not contain the record either , then the Transaction Ti needs to be............

Q: Design a direct file organization using a hash function, to store an item file with item number as…

A: A hash function is a mathematical function that takes in an input (such as a string or a number) and…

Q: Transaction T2 Transaction T3 R2(B) R3(B) W2(A) W3(C)

A: Here is the solution which is mentioned below:

Q: Given the key-values: 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105 and number of file…

A: Answer None Because In hashing function using division method, the minimum and maximum addresses…

Q: If several requests have different deadlines that are relaticely close together, then using the SCAN…

A:

Q: A transaction commits as soon as its commit log record is written to stable storage at the primary…

A: A transaction commits as soon as its commit log record is written to stable storage at the primary…

Q: W-timestamp(Q) is the biggest timestamp of any transaction that successfully completed write(Q).…

A: The Answer is

Q: What is the significance of "commit points" in long-running transactions?

A: The significance of "commit points" in long-running transactions is paramount to ensuring data…

Q: Resources are made available to those who have achieved a stalemate as a result of the deadlock…

A: No,resources are  not made available. Below i explan about deadlock and   deadlock detection…

Q: Design a direct file organization using a hash function, to store an item file with item number as…

A: A hash function is a mathematical function that takes in an input (such as a string or a number) and…

Q: A new timestamp is given to a transaction when it is rolled back using timestamp ordering. Why can't…

A: Introduction: Each transaction in the timestamp ordering protocol has its timestamp. When a…

Q: Some database systems allow the administrator to choose between two forms of logging: normal…

A:

Q: Given an unsorted file of size 105 records.

A: ANSWER: Unsorted File: An unordered file, at times called a store file, is the least difficult kind…

Q: This is the sort of recurring transaction that sends us an alert whenever we need to input a new…

A: Recurring transaction: Transactions that occur on a continuing basis and are charged to a cardholder…

Q: Consider the log in Figure below. Suppose there is a crash just before the log record is written…

A:

Q: W-timestamp(Q) is the biggest timestamp of any transaction that successfully completed write(Q).…

A: Introduction: Consider the situation in which the W-timestamp(Q) refers to the most recent…

Q: Explain why log records for transactions on the undo-list must be processed in reverse order,…

A: Any transaction needs to create log record before modifying the database. These log records are used…

Q: 86. If only the primary is active, the transaction is allowed to commit as soon as its commit log…

A: Here is the solution which is mentioned below:

Q: The null bitmap is used in the variable-length record format to indicate that a certain attribute is…

A: The variable-length record format employs a null bitmap to indicate that an attribute is empty. A…

Q: A system is in a ______ state if there exists a set of transactions such that every transaction in…

A: c. Deadlock

Q: Under what circumstances does the wait-die scheme perform better than the wound-wait scheme for…

A:

Q: Explain why redo is carried out in a forward manner while undo log data must be handled in reverse…

A: Any transaction that modifies the database must generate a log record before proceeding. When a…

Q: Under what circumstances does the wait-die scheme perform better than the wound-wait scheme for…

A: The answer of the question is given below:

Q: A transaction may not always complete its execution successfully. Such a transaction is termed a.…

A: Exрlаnаtiоn:  If  we  аre  tо  ensure  the  аtоmiсity  рrорerty,  аn  аbоrted  trаnsасtiоn  must…

Q: Transactions frequently take a very long time to finish when an optimistic approach to concurrency…

A: What is database: A database is a collection of organized data stored in a computer system.

Q: Explain why redo is carried out in a forward manner while undo log data must be handled in reverse…

A: The undo function is used to reverse a mistake, such as deleting the wrong word in a sentence.  The…

Q: Explain why undo log data must be handled in reverse order, but redo is executed in a forward way.

A: Introduction: Observation logs Any transaction that modifies the database must first produce a log…

Q: Write', respectively. T; represents a transaction, and t; represents the time slot. t2 t3 t4 t5 to…

A: We are going to draw precedence graph for the given schedule and we will find out if the given…

Q: Question 4: Write-ahead Log (15) Consider the following portion of a write-ahead log. In this log,…

A:

Q: Differing from write operations, reads in Bigtable: a) Must read from the commit log as well the…

A: Bigtable is a distributed storage solution for enormous volumes of structured data. Many Google…

Q: Explain why undo log data must be handled in reverse order, but redo is executed in a forward way.

A: The Recovery Systems in the database has the advantages of storing the records transactions. More…

Q: In a SET transaction, what are the stages that need to be completed?

A: 1. The consumer registers for an account. 2. A certificate is given to the consumer. 3. Each…

Q: If multiple threads are acquiring multiple locks, the order in which the threads attempt to acquire…

A: NOTE Below is the answer for the given question.  Hope you understand it well. If you have any…

Q: rules, the following stat- ->address, then ssn -> {e

A: Since , We know that inference rule is used for finding Functional dependency (from one attribute to…

Q: What makes attempting to break a deadlock different from preventing it from happening in the first…

A: breaking a deadlock and preventing it from happening in the first place are two distinct strategies…

Q: i) Detect the deadlock using wait for graph ii) Find out the solution to recover from this deadlock

A: T1                               T2                                       T3 Lock-X(B)Read(B) B=B-50…

Types of database architectures

A Database Architecture represents the Database Management System’s (DBMS) design (schema). The DBMS architecture makes it easy to understand the components involved in the database system and their relations. The DBMS architecture may vary based on the system on which it runs. Some systems contain both client and server machines whereas some run only on a server machine. Based on the architecture, the system can be classified as centralized, decentralized, or hierarchical.