Answered: If fatty acids are a more efficient…

If fatty acids are a more efficient storehouse of energy than glucose or glycogen, why aren't they used immediately to drive muscle contraction?

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter4: How Cells Obtain Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14CTQ: Does physical exercise to increase muscle mass involve anabolic and/or catabolic processes? Give...

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The cholesterol synthesized by cells uses which component of the glycolytic pathway as a starting point? a. glucose b. acetyl CoA c. pyruvate d. carbon dioxide
Which of the following is not produced by an animal muscle cell operating under anaerobic conditions? a. heat d. ATP b. pyruvate e. lactate c. PGAL f. oxygen
Energy is stored long-term in the bonds of _____ and used short-term to perform work from a(n)_____molecule. a. ATP : glucose b. an anabolic molecule : catabolic molecule c. glucose: ATP d. a catabolic molecule : anabolic molecule
Beta oxidation is ______. a. the breakdown of sugars b. the assembly of sugars c. the breakdown of fatty acids d. the removal of amino groups from amino acids
After the citric acid cycle reactions run _________, one six-carbon glucose molecule has been completely broken down to CO2. a. once b. twice c. six times d. twelve times
Which molecules can enter the Krebs cycle? chylomicrons acetyl CoA mono glycerides ketone bodies
ATP for muscle contraction can be provided by ______. a. aerobic respiration b. lactate fermentation c. transfer of a phosphate from creatine phosphate d. all of the above
Which of the following is not produced by an animal muscle cell operating under anaerobic conditions? a. heat b. pyruvate c. PGAL d. ATP e. lactate f. oxygen
Figure 2.17 Fatty acids. Double bonds in the tails are highlighted in red. A. The tail of stearic acid is fully saturated with hydrogen atoms. B. Linoleic acid, with two double bonds, is unsaturated. The first double bond occurs at the sixth carbon from the end of the tail, so linoleic acid is called an omega-6 fatty acid. Omega-6 and C. omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids, which means your body does not make them and they must come from food. D. The hydrogen atoms around the double bond in oleic acid are on the same side of the tail. Most other naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids have these cis bonds. E. Hydrogenation creates abundant trans bonds, with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the tail. Figure It Out: Are the double bonds in linolenic acid cis or trans?
Figure 4.15 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or decrease? What affect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis? Figure 4.15 (a) The electron transport chain is a set of molecules that supports a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. (b) ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses an H+ gradient to regenerate ATP from ADP. (c) Chemiosmosis relies on the potential energy provided by the H+ gradient across the membrane.
Which of the following is not true about enzymes? a. They are consumed by the reactions they catalyze. b. They are usually made of amino acids. c. They lower the activation energy of chemical reactions. d. Each one is specific to the particular substrate(s) to which it binds.
Which of the following statements is not true? Metabolic pathways _____. a. occur in a stepwise series of chemical reactions b. are speeded up by enzymes c. may break down or assemble molecules d. always produce energy (such as ATP)