**Understanding the Immune Response to Blood Transfusion Reactions**When a person is given a transfusion with the wrong blood type, the body can mount an immune response. This can lead to a dangerous and potentially life-threatening reaction. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these reactions is crucial for medical professionals. Consider the following options which elucidate these mechanisms:1) **IgE binds to mast cells releasing cytokines**: - This mechanism is typically associated with allergic reactions and not with transfusion reactions. IgE antibodies bind to allergens and then to mast cells, causing the release of cytokines and other mediators.2) **Antigen-antibody complexes (IgG, IgM, and IgA) lodge in basement membranes of tissues, neutrophil degranulation damages the tissues**: - While this describes an immune complex-mediated response, it is more characteristic of certain autoimmune diseases and does not directly explain the typical acute transfusion reaction.3) **T cells respond to the inappropriate cells**: - This mechanism is related to cellular immune responses, typically seen in graft rejection and viral infections rather than immediate transfusion reactions.4) **IgG and IgM bind to cells stimulating complement, triggering cell lysis**: - This is the correct mechanism involved in acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. When a person receives the wrong blood type, pre-existing antibodies (IgG and IgM) in their blood can bind to antigens on the surface of the transfused red blood cells. This activates the complement system, leading to the lysis (destruction) of these foreign red blood cells.In summary, the correct answer to the question is **option 4**: *IgG and IgM bind to cells stimulating complement, triggering cell lysis*. Understanding this immune response mechanism helps manage and prevent adverse transfusion reactions effectively.

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If a person is given a transfusion with the wrong blood type, what mechanism of action is responsible for the reaction seen in the body? 1) IgE binds to mast cells releasing cytokines 2) Antigen-antibody complexes (IgG, IgM and IgA) lodge in basement membranes of tissues, neutrophil degranulation damages the tissues 3) T cells respond to the inappropriate cells 4) IgG and IgM bind to cells stimulating complement, triggering cell lysis

If a person is given a transfusion with the wrong blood type, what mechanism of action is responsible for the reaction seen in the body? 1) IgE binds to mast cells releasing cytokines 2) Antigen-antibody complexes (IgG, IgM and IgA) lodge in basement membranes of tissues, neutrophil degranulation damages the tissues 3) T cells respond to the inappropriate cells 4) IgG and IgM bind to cells stimulating complement, triggering cell lysis

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter17: Genes And The Immune System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11QP: It is often helpful to draw a complicated pathway in the form of a flow chart to visualize the...

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Concept explainers

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.

Question

**Understanding the Immune Response to Blood Transfusion Reactions**

When a person is given a transfusion with the wrong blood type, the body can mount an immune response. This can lead to a dangerous and potentially life-threatening reaction. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these reactions is crucial for medical professionals. Consider the following options which elucidate these mechanisms:

1) **IgE binds to mast cells releasing cytokines**:
- This mechanism is typically associated with allergic reactions and not with transfusion reactions. IgE antibodies bind to allergens and then to mast cells, causing the release of cytokines and other mediators.

2) **Antigen-antibody complexes (IgG, IgM, and IgA) lodge in basement membranes of tissues, neutrophil degranulation damages the tissues**:
- While this describes an immune complex-mediated response, it is more characteristic of certain autoimmune diseases and does not directly explain the typical acute transfusion reaction.

3) **T cells respond to the inappropriate cells**:
- This mechanism is related to cellular immune responses, typically seen in graft rejection and viral infections rather than immediate transfusion reactions.

4) **IgG and IgM bind to cells stimulating complement, triggering cell lysis**:
- This is the correct mechanism involved in acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. When a person receives the wrong blood type, pre-existing antibodies (IgG and IgM) in their blood can bind to antigens on the surface of the transfused red blood cells. This activates the complement system, leading to the lysis (destruction) of these foreign red blood cells.

In summary, the correct answer to the question is **option 4**: *IgG and IgM bind to cells stimulating complement, triggering cell lysis*. Understanding this immune response mechanism helps manage and prevent adverse transfusion reactions effectively.

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