If a certain species has a DNA content of 5 picograms in each diploid cell's nucleus when the cell in in G1 of the cell cycle, what would be the expected DNA content (in picograms) of a diploid cell (from the same species) in mitotic prophase? Explain your reasoning. Consider ploidy changes and/or chromosome form changes, if applicable, when explaining your reasoning.
Evolution
The history and science of origin and evolution comprise two events, the beginning of life and expansion of life. Our earth originated about 4.5 billion years ago. The term evolution is derived from two Latin words and means the act of unfolding or unrolling. English philosopher Herbert Spencer first used it. Evolution is defined as the change in heritable traits of biological populations over successive generations. These traits are the manifestations of genes that are passed down from parent to offspring during reproduction.
Cladistics
Cladistics is a technique in the classification of organisms, where they are grouped into different clades. The proof for the relationships that are hypothesized is based on the shared derived characteristics known as synapomorphies. These characteristics do not exist in many of the distant ancestors and groups. The common ancestor along with its descendants is considered to be a part of the clade. The rate of closeness is directly proportional to the cladistic grouping and is useful in analyzing the evolutionary mechanism.
Outgroups
Outgroups are significant in studying cladistics or phylogenetics (that describe the evolutionary relationship between different organisms). Further, it is also important to understand the differences and similarities between different organisms.
Taxonomy
It is the branch of biology that works with the identification of organisms at first, then naming, and classification of them into phenetic or phylogenetic groups (a classification system). In other words, it is the scientific study of biological diversity and a part of systematic biology.
Phylogenetics
Phylogenetics is the scientific study of how various groups of organisms are related at the evolutionary level. It finds the relationship between various organisms based on their evolutionary similarities and differences. It is a part of the taxonomy. Although the taxonomic study is not only concerned about phylogeny but taxonomic studies are also concerned about the classification and nomenclature of the different individuals from different taxon.
Question 2
If a certain species has a DNA content of 5 picograms in each diploid cell's nucleus when the cell in in G1 of the cell cycle, what would be the expected DNA content (in picograms) of a diploid cell (from the same species) in mitotic prophase? Explain your reasoning. Consider ploidy changes and/or chromosome form changes, if applicable, when explaining your reasoning.
Mitosis cell division is the type of cell division that occurs in the somatic cells and all the other cells except the germ cells. This cell is known as equational cell division. During this process the cell divides into two daughter cells with equal amount of DNA as the parent cell itself. The four phases of mitosis cell division are:
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
These four phases mark the division of DNA content in the daughter cells. After the division of the DNA which is known as karyokinesis, the cell undergoes cytokinesis in which the cytoplasm and other cell contents are divided into the two daughter cells.
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