DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is usually called the blueprint of life. Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that has a key function in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. One less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group occurs in deoxyribose sugar. Nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the natural components. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule. Watson and Crick postulated the double-stranded model of the helix. A deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecular group that carries and transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are involved.
DNA as the Genetic Material
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long polymeric nucleic acid molecule discovered in the late 1930s. It is a polymer; a long chain-like molecule made up of several monomers connected in a sequence. It possesses certain characteristics that qualify it as a genetic component. Certain organisms have different types of nucleic acids as their genetic material - DNA or RNA.
Genetics
The significant branch in science which involves the study of genes, gene variations, and the organism's heredity is known as genetics. It is also used to study the involvement of a gene or set of genes in the health of an individual and how it prevents several diseases in a human being. Thus, genetics also creates an understanding of various medical conditions.
DNA Replication
The mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of its own is defined as DNA replication. The DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication.
Identify the three main types of RNA and explain the function of each.
RNA (ribonucleic acid) is responsible for the synthesis of the molecules that carry out essential cellular functions. RNA contains four nucleotide bases, namely adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C).
The three main types of RNA molecules and their functions are as follows:
Messenger RNA (mRNA):
It is a single-stranded RNA molecule formed during the process of transcription. It carries the genetic information from the DNA present in the nucleus to the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. The mRNA carries the genetic information in the form of three-base codes, each of which specifies the particular amino acid.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA):
It is a type of non-coding RNA component of ribosomes. It helps in translating the information present in the mRNA into protein. They are responsible for reading the order of amino acids and linking amino acids together. They catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis.
Transfer RNA (tRNA):
It is a type of RNA molecule that helps to decode mRNA into protein. It functions at specific sites in the ribosome during the process of translation. One of the regions of tRNA contains three bases in a sequence known as anticodon which permits the binding of mRNA with tRNA. The second region of tRNA has 3’ end with which amino acids get attached and helps in the transportation of amino acids to the region of protein synthesis.
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