States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
- Identify the chemical type of each compound (2a to 2c), according to the options given in the Answer Book.
- On the diagram , CIRCLE all the chiral centres in EACH
- On the diagram , label acetal and hemiketal moieties, and peptide bonds. Indicate and name the bond that links the two saccharides in the disaccharide.
- Sketch the reaction of hydrolysis of the peptide, clearly drawing the reactants and products.
- Using one-letter codes, identify the dinucleotide sequence and state whether this is a DNA or RNA dinucleotide. Sketch the reaction of formation of the dinucleotide from its constituent
nucleotides , clearly drawing reactants and products, and state which kind of reaction it is.
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