Identical isolated conducting spheres 1 and 2 have equal charges and are separated by a distance that is large compared with their diameters (Figure 1a). The electrostatic force acting on sphere 2 due to sphere 1 is F (vector). Suppose now that a third identical sphere 3, having an insulating handle and initially neutral, is touched first to sphere 1 (Figure 1b), then to sphere 2 (Figure 1c), and finally removed (Figure 1d). The electrostatic force that now acts on sphere 2 has magnitude F'. What is the ratio F'/F?

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Electric Charges and Fields

One of the fundamental properties is the electromagnetic property. Charge cannot be destroyed by any process and this contributes formally to the law of charge conservation.