Part 7If appropriate, determine the P-value. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box within your choice. A.The P-value isenter your response here.(Round to three decimal places as needed.) B.This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors.Part 8If appropriate, determine the proper conclusion at the0.05significance level. Choose the correct answer below. A.RejectH0.There is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Smoking appears to have an effect on body temperature. B.RejectH0.There issufficientevidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Genderappearsto have an effect on body temperature. C.Fail to rejectH0.There isinsufficientevidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Genderdoes not appearto have an effect on body temperature. D.Fail to rejectH0.There is insufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Smoking does not appear to have an effect on body temperature. E.This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors.Part 9If appropriate, test for an effect from smoking. Choose the correct answer below. A.H0:Men and women have the same population mean body temperature.H1:Men and women have different population mean body temperatures. B.H0:Smokers and non-smokers have different population mean body temperatures.H1:Smokers and non-smokers have the same population mean body temperature. C.H0:Smokers and non-smokers have the same population mean body temperature.H1:Smokers and non-smokers have different population mean body temperatures. D.H0:Men and women have different population mean body temperatures.H1:Men and women have the same population mean body temperature. E.This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors.Part 10If appropriate, determine the test statistic. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box within your choice. A.The test statistic isenter your response here.(Round to two decimal places as needed.) B.This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors.Part 11If appropriate, determine the P-value. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box within your choice. A.The P-value isenter your response here.(Round to three decimal places as needed.) B.This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors.Part 12If appropriate, determine the proper conclusion at the0.05significance level. Choose the correct answer below. A.RejectH0.There issufficientevidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Smokingappearsto have an effect on body temperature. B.Fail to rejectH0.There isinsufficientevidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Smokingdoes not appearto have an effect on body temperature. C.Fail to rejectH0.There is insufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Gender does not appear to have an effect on body temperature. D.RejectH0.There is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Gender appears to have an effect on body temperature. E.This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors. ## Interaction Between Gender and Smoking on Body Temperature### OverviewThe accompanying table lists body temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) obtained from randomly selected subjects. Using a 0.05 significance level, the task is to determine if there is an interaction between gender and smoking on body temperature, and to ascertain the effects of gender and smoking individually.### Body Temperature DataThe data table lists body temperatures categorized by gender and smoking status:| | Smokes | Does not smoke ||------------|---------------|-----------------|| **Female** | 98.8, 97.5, 97.9, 98.5 | 98.4, 97.8, 98.1, 97.1 || **Male** | 97.9, 98.6, 98.3, 98.7 | 97.6, 97.9, 98.9, 99.1 |### Hypothesis Testing**If appropriate, test for an effect from gender. Choose the correct answer below:**A. \( H_0 \): Men and women have different population mean body temperatures. \( H_1 \): Men and women have the same population mean body temperature.B. \( H_0 \): Smokers and non-smokers have the same population mean body temperature. \( H_1 \): Smokers and non-smokers have different population mean body temperatures.C. \( H_0 \): Men and women have the same population mean body temperature. \( H_1 \): Men and women have different population mean body temperatures.D. \( H_0 \): Smokers and non-smokers have different population mean body temperatures. \( H_1 \): Smokers and non-smokers have the same population mean body temperature.E. This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors.**If appropriate, determine the test statistic. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box:**A. The test statistic is _______. (Round to two decimal places as needed.)B. This test is not appropriate due to the interaction between the two factors.**If appropriate, determine the P-value. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box:**A. The P-value is _______. (Round to three The following material examines the effects of gender and smoking on body temperature from a statistical perspective. Using a significance level of 0.05, this guide outlines how to test for interactions and effects based on the provided data.### Body Temperature DataThe table presents body temperature (°F) samples across gender and smoking habits:| | Smokes | Does not smoke ||-------------|----------------------|-----------------------|| Female | 98.8, 97.5, 97.9, 98.5 | 98.4, 97.8, 98.1, 97.1 || Male | 97.9, 98.6, 98.3, 98.7 | 97.6, 97.9, 98.1, 99.1 |### Hypothesis Testing#### Interaction between Gender and Smoking- **Null Hypothesis (H₀):** Body temperatures are not affected by an interaction between gender and smoking.- **Alternative Hypothesis (H₁):** Body temperatures are affected by an interaction between gender and smoking.Other hypotheses consider independent effects of gender and smoking separately:- **Gender-based Hypotheses:** - **H₀:** Body temperatures are not affected by gender. - **H₁:** Body temperatures are affected by gender. - **Smoking-based Hypotheses:** - **H₀:** Body temperatures are not affected by smoking. - **H₁:** Body temperatures are affected by smoking.### Statistical Analysis1. **Determine the Test Statistic** - Compute the value. (Round to two decimal places as needed.)2. **Calculate the P-Value** - Round the P-value to three decimal places.3. **Draw a Conclusion at the 0.05 Significance Level** - **Options:** - **A.** Reject H₀: Sufficient evidence to support interaction effect; no interaction apparent. - **B.** Fail to reject H₀: Insufficient evidence to support interaction effect; interaction possible. - **C.** Reject H₀: Sufficient evidence to support interaction effect; interaction apparent. - **D.** Fail to reject H₀: Insufficient evidence to support interaction effect; no interaction apparent.This evaluation helps assess whether an interaction between gender and smoking significantly impacts body temperatures,

SmokesDoes not smokeFemale98.898.497.597.897.998.198.597.1Male97.997.698.697.998.398.198.799.1

iClick the icon to view the body temperature data. appropriate, test for an effect from gender. Choose the correct answer below. A. Ho: Men and women have different population mean body temperatures. H₁: Men and women have the same population mean body temperature. B. H: Smokers and non-smokers have the same population mean body temperature. H₁: Smokers and non-smokers people have different population mean body temperatures. O C. Ho: Men and women have the same population mean body temperature. H₁: Men and women have different population mean body temperatures. O D. Ho: Smokers and non-smokers people have different population mean body temperatures. H₁: Smokers and non-smokers people have the same population mean body temperature. O E. This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors. appropriate, determine the test statistic. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box within your choice. OA. The test statistic is (Round to two decimal places as needed.) OB. This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors. appropriate, determine the P-value. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box within your choice. A. The P-value is (Round to three decimal places as needed.) OB. This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors. appropriate, determine the proper conclusion at the 0.05 significance level. Choose the correct answer below. Body Temperature Data Female Male A. Reject Ho. There is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Smoking appears to have an effect on body temperature. OB. Reject H₂. There is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Gender appears to have an effect on body temperature. O C. Fail to reject Ho. There is insufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Gender does not appear to have an effect on body temperature. OD. Fail to reject Ho. There is insufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Smoking does not appear to have an effect on body temperature. Smokes 98.8 97.5 97.9 98.5 97.9 98.6 98.3 98.7 Print Does not smoke 98.4 97.8 98.1 97.1 97.6 97.9 98.1 99.1 Done X

iClick the icon to view the body temperature data. appropriate, test for an effect from gender. Choose the correct answer below. A. Ho: Men and women have different population mean body temperatures. H₁: Men and women have the same population mean body temperature. B. H: Smokers and non-smokers have the same population mean body temperature. H₁: Smokers and non-smokers people have different population mean body temperatures. O C. Ho: Men and women have the same population mean body temperature. H₁: Men and women have different population mean body temperatures. O D. Ho: Smokers and non-smokers people have different population mean body temperatures. H₁: Smokers and non-smokers people have the same population mean body temperature. O E. This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors. appropriate, determine the test statistic. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box within your choice. OA. The test statistic is (Round to two decimal places as needed.) OB. This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors. appropriate, determine the P-value. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box within your choice. A. The P-value is (Round to three decimal places as needed.) OB. This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors. appropriate, determine the proper conclusion at the 0.05 significance level. Choose the correct answer below. Body Temperature Data Female Male A. Reject Ho. There is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Smoking appears to have an effect on body temperature. OB. Reject H₂. There is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Gender appears to have an effect on body temperature. O C. Fail to reject Ho. There is insufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Gender does not appear to have an effect on body temperature. OD. Fail to reject Ho. There is insufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Smoking does not appear to have an effect on body temperature. Smokes 98.8 97.5 97.9 98.5 97.9 98.6 98.3 98.7 Print Does not smoke 98.4 97.8 98.1 97.1 97.6 97.9 98.1 99.1 Done X

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Part 8

If appropriate, determine the proper conclusion at the

0.05

significance level. Choose the correct answer below.

Reject

H0.

There is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Smoking appears to have an effect on body temperature.

Reject

H0.

There is

sufficient

evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Gender

appears

to have an effect on body temperature.

Fail to reject

H0.

There is

insufficient

evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Gender

does not appear

to have an effect on body temperature.

Fail to reject

H0.

There is insufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Smoking does not appear to have an effect on body temperature.

This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors.

Part 9

If appropriate, test for an effect from smoking. Choose the correct answer below.

H0:

Men and women have the same population mean body temperature.

H1:

Men and women have different population mean body temperatures.

H0:

Smokers and non-smokers have different population mean body temperatures.

H1:

Smokers and non-smokers have the same population mean body temperature.

H0:

Smokers and non-smokers have the same population mean body temperature.

H1:

Smokers and non-smokers have different population mean body temperatures.

H0:

Men and women have different population mean body temperatures.

H1:

Men and women have the same population mean body temperature.

This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors.

Part 10

If appropriate, determine the test statistic. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box within your choice.

The test statistic is

enter your response here.

(Round to two decimal places as needed.)

This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors.

Part 11

If appropriate, determine the P-value. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box within your choice.

The P-value is

enter your response here.

(Round to three decimal places as needed.)

This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors.

Part 12

If appropriate, determine the proper conclusion at the

0.05

significance level. Choose the correct answer below.

Reject

H0.

There is

sufficient

evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Smoking

appears

to have an effect on body temperature.

Fail to reject

H0.

There is

insufficient

evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Smoking

does not appear

to have an effect on body temperature.

Fail to reject

H0.

There is insufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Gender does not appear to have an effect on body temperature.

Reject

H0.

There is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. Gender appears to have an effect on body temperature.

This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors.

## Interaction Between Gender and Smoking on Body Temperature

### Overview

The accompanying table lists body temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) obtained from randomly selected subjects. Using a 0.05 significance level, the task is to determine if there is an interaction between gender and smoking on body temperature, and to ascertain the effects of gender and smoking individually.

### Body Temperature Data

The data table lists body temperatures categorized by gender and smoking status:

| | Smokes | Does not smoke |
|------------|---------------|-----------------|
| **Female** | 98.8, 97.5, 97.9, 98.5 | 98.4, 97.8, 98.1, 97.1 |
| **Male** | 97.9, 98.6, 98.3, 98.7 | 97.6, 97.9, 98.9, 99.1 |

### Hypothesis Testing

**If appropriate, test for an effect from gender. Choose the correct answer below:**

A. \( H_0 \): Men and women have different population mean body temperatures.
\( H_1 \): Men and women have the same population mean body temperature.

B. \( H_0 \): Smokers and non-smokers have the same population mean body temperature.
\( H_1 \): Smokers and non-smokers have different population mean body temperatures.

C. \( H_0 \): Men and women have the same population mean body temperature.
\( H_1 \): Men and women have different population mean body temperatures.

D. \( H_0 \): Smokers and non-smokers have different population mean body temperatures.
\( H_1 \): Smokers and non-smokers have the same population mean body temperature.

E. This test is not appropriate due to the results of the test for interaction between the two factors.

**If appropriate, determine the test statistic. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box:**

A. The test statistic is _______. (Round to two decimal places as needed.)

B. This test is not appropriate due to the interaction between the two factors.

**If appropriate, determine the P-value. Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box:**

A. The P-value is _______. (Round to three

The following material examines the effects of gender and smoking on body temperature from a statistical perspective. Using a significance level of 0.05, this guide outlines how to test for interactions and effects based on the provided data.

### Body Temperature Data

The table presents body temperature (°F) samples across gender and smoking habits:

| | Smokes | Does not smoke |
|-------------|----------------------|-----------------------|
| Female | 98.8, 97.5, 97.9, 98.5 | 98.4, 97.8, 98.1, 97.1 |
| Male | 97.9, 98.6, 98.3, 98.7 | 97.6, 97.9, 98.1, 99.1 |

### Hypothesis Testing

#### Interaction between Gender and Smoking

- **Null Hypothesis (H₀):** Body temperatures are not affected by an interaction between gender and smoking.
- **Alternative Hypothesis (H₁):** Body temperatures are affected by an interaction between gender and smoking.

Other hypotheses consider independent effects of gender and smoking separately:
- **Gender-based Hypotheses:**
- **H₀:** Body temperatures are not affected by gender.
- **H₁:** Body temperatures are affected by gender.

- **Smoking-based Hypotheses:**
- **H₀:** Body temperatures are not affected by smoking.
- **H₁:** Body temperatures are affected by smoking.

### Statistical Analysis

1. **Determine the Test Statistic**
- Compute the value. (Round to two decimal places as needed.)

2. **Calculate the P-Value**
- Round the P-value to three decimal places.

3. **Draw a Conclusion at the 0.05 Significance Level**
- **Options:**
- **A.** Reject H₀: Sufficient evidence to support interaction effect; no interaction apparent.
- **B.** Fail to reject H₀: Insufficient evidence to support interaction effect; interaction possible.
- **C.** Reject H₀: Sufficient evidence to support interaction effect; interaction apparent.
- **D.** Fail to reject H₀: Insufficient evidence to support interaction effect; no interaction apparent.

This evaluation helps assess whether an interaction between gender and smoking significantly impacts body temperatures,

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

Expert Solution

Step 1: Given Information:

	Smokes	Does not smoke
Female	98.8	98.4
	97.5	97.8
	97.9	98.1
	98.5	97.1
Male	97.9	97.6
	98.6	97.9
	98.3	98.1
	98.7	99.1

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