(i). The stepwise formation constants for aqueous copper complexes with NH2CH2CH2NH2 (en) are log K1 = 10.72 and log K12 = 9.31. By comparing the values of K1 and K2 given in (a)., explain the difference between these copper complexes. (ii). Write the overall formation constant of these copper with en complexes in (b). (i).

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Potentiometric Titrations

Potentiometric titration is one of the important titration methods and is mainly carried out to characterize acid solutions. It follows a method similar to that of the normal titration technique, but the main difference is that there is no indicator used in the potentiometric titrations. Instead of using an indicator, electrodes are employed for monitoring the whole titration process. A scientist named Robert Behrend did the potentiometric titration for the first time, and it was done using the mercurous solution and potassium chloride.