Exercise 9i. Draw Lewis structures for the following and determine whatkind of hybrid orbitals the central atom uses in bond formation:(а) ; (b) SO;3; and (c) OF>.ii. Tetrachloroethylene, a common dry-cleaning solvent, has theformula C,Cl,. Its structure is shown below. (a) Use the hybridorbitals theory to describe the bonding in this molecule. (b)What are the expected bond angles in the molecule?iii. What kind of hybrid orbitals do the numbered atoms use in thefollowing molecule?H:0:<Н—С—С:(1)HHH iv. Niacin is one of the B vitamins (B3). Estimate the approximatevalues of the indicated bond angles. Its skeleton (not its Lewisstructure) is given below.HН—СH.H--H-v. Acrylonitrile, C;H;N, is the building block of the polymer Orlon.Its Lewis structure is given below. What is the hybridization ofnitrogen and of the three numbered carbon atoms?ннH-C=C- C=N:(1(2)

We’ll answer the first question since the exact one wasn’t specified. Please submit a new question…

Answered: i. Draw Lewis structures for the…

i. Draw Lewis structures for the following and determine what kind of hybrid orbitals the central atom uses in bond formation: (a) ; (b) SO;; and (c) OF,.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: Describe the hybrid orbitals used by the central atom and the type(s) of bonds formed in (a) NO3-;…

A: The Lewis structure or molecular skeleton is also known as the electron dot structure. It is the…

Q: For each of the following species below, (a) draw (include lone pairs) & name the molecular…

A: " Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-part for…

Q: What is the hybridization of carbon in each of the following: (a) CO32-; (b) C2O42-; (c) NCO2?

A: Hybridization is defined as concept of intermixing of orbitals. The new orbital which are formed is…

Q: Use partial orbital diagrams to show how the atomic orbitals of the central atom lead to hybrid…

A: Use partial orbital diagrams to show how the atomic orbitals of the central atom lead to hybrid…

Q: Benzene is commonly regarded as a resonance hybrid ofthe two Kekule structures. but other possible…

Q: Predict the shape, state the hybridization of the central atom, and give the ideal bond angle(s) and…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple subparts, we will solve first three subparts for you.…

Q: Handwritten explaination) Describe orbitals used in bonding and bond angles in the following…

Q: (a) What are the relationships among bond order, bondlength, and bond energy? (b) According to…

A: (a)Bond order determines the number of bonds present between the two atoms. Bond order 1 represents…

Q: What type of central-atom orbital hybridization corresponds to each electron-group arrangement: (a)…

Q: Can you solve this (a) Using the language of valence bond theory and orbital energy diagrams,…

A: There are different types of bonding between atoms. Nature bonding can be explained on the basis of…

Q: What type of central-atom orbital hybridization corresponds to each electron-group arrangement: (a)…

A: ANSWER

Q: 11. The H-N-H bond angles in ammonia are measured experimentally to be 107°. All H-N bonds have…

A: The nitrogen has valence configuration as 2s22p3. Here, one 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals combine…

Q: For each of the following molecules, draw the Lewis structure, predict the molecular shape using…

A: Hybridization = no of sigma bonds + no of lone pairs if above number is 6 = octahedral shape. 5=…

Q: What is the hybridization of chlorine in each of the following: (a) ClO2; (b) ClO3-; (c) ClO4-?

A: The names of the given compounds are: ClO2 - Chlorine dioxide ClO3- - Chlorate ion ClO4- -…

Q: Q. Draw all possible structures of the following molecules and explain which one is the preferred…

A: Here we have to predict the preferred structure of the given compound based on VSEPR theory.

Q: Use partial orbital diagrams to show how the atomic orbitals of the central atom lead to the hybrid…

Q: Predict the geometry of the following molecules and ions using the VSEPR model. CH3I (b) H2S (c)…

A: According to the VSEPR theory, the geometry of the molecule depends on the number of bond pairs and…

Q: Use partial orbital diagrams to show how the atomic orbitals of the central atom lead to the hybrid…

A: The highest energy subshells being filled is shown by the partial orbital diagram. By calculating…

Q: Identify and label geometry, hybridization, sigma bonds and pi bonds for any atom/group of ato is…

A: Hybridization: It is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with…

Q: II. N N N S O O CI

A: Compound-IHybridization of chloro is sp and its bond angle is 180oHybridization of nitrogen is sp2…

Q: For each of the following species, identify the central atom and propose a hybridization scheme for…

A: Hybridization can be defined as the mixing of orbitals of the same energy to give new degenerate…

Q: Which of the following figure represents the formation of a o bonding molecular orbital?

A: Sigma bond is formed by end to end overlapping of atomic orbitals.

Q: . Draw MO energy level diagrams for each of the following diatomic molecules are molecular ions. All…

A: Solution -

Q: Use valence bond theory to describe the hybridized bonding in the following molecule. (i) What is…

A: If the element contains four or less than four electron pairs surrounding the central atom, is…

Q: The structure of the visual pigment retinal is shown in (1). Label each atom with its state of…

A: Each atoms of the given molecule retinal can be labeled as follows,

Q: Draw a picture that shows all three 2p orbitals on one atomand all three 2p orbitals on another…

Q: How do carbon and silicon differ with regard to the types of orbitals available for hybridization?…

A: The electronic configuration of carbon is as follows: C: 1s2 2s2 2p2 The electronic configuration of…

Q: (a) Write a single Lewis structure for SO3, and determine thehybridization at the S atom. (b) Are…

A: a.

Q: B. Based on the ES electronic configuration of N and O; a) Write all the possible hybrid orbitals…

A: Interpretation: To write excited state electronic configuration of N and O and answer: a) possible…

Q: Describe the hybrid orbitals used by the central atom(s) andthe type(s) of bonds formed in (a) FNO;…

A: The hybrid orbital is the result of a model that combines atomic orbitals into a single atom in ways…

Q: 10. Based on the VSEPR theory, a molecule MCI3 was found to have sp’ hybridization at the central…

Q: The AF, species are shown as follows, BF;; CF4; NF3; OF2. (i) Draw the Lewis structure for each of…

Q: Azo dyes are organic dyes that are used for many applications,such as the coloring of fabrics. Many…

A: We are authorized to answer three subparts at a time, since you have not mentioned which part you…

Q: The lactic acid molecule, CH3CH1OH2COOH, gives sourmilk its unpleasant, sour taste. (a) Draw the…

A: Hey, since you are posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will answer first three sub-parts.…

Q: (a) Complete the Lewis structure for the molecule shown below. How many lone pairs are there? H |…

Q: Give an example of a molecule or ion having a formula of each of the following types and structures.…

A: The VSEPR theory assumes that each atom in a molecule will achieve a geometry that minimizes the…

Q: A. Classify the following hypothetical molecules as polar or non-polar. Note: Number 5 item is not a…

A: Given : Number of valence electrons in D = 4 Number of valence electrons in E = 7

Q: Give the number and type of hybrid orbital that forms wheneach set of atomic orbitals mixes:(a) one…

A: The mixing of two atomic orbitals having the same energy level such that the orbital formed is a…

Concept explainers

Quantum Mechanical Treatment of the Valence Bond Theory

Quantum mechanical treatment of valence bond theory refers to the relationship established between the quantum mechanical theory and the valence bond theory to describe the chemical bonding in a particular molecule.

Question

Exercise 9
i. Draw Lewis structures for the following and determine what
kind of hybrid orbitals the central atom uses in bond formation:
(а) ; (b) SO;3; and (c) OF>.
ii. Tetrachloroethylene, a common dry-cleaning solvent, has the
formula C,Cl,. Its structure is shown below. (a) Use the hybrid
orbitals theory to describe the bonding in this molecule. (b)
What are the expected bond angles in the molecule?
iii. What kind of hybrid orbitals do the numbered atoms use in the
following molecule?
H
:0:<
Н—С—С:
(1)
H
H
H

iv. Niacin is one of the B vitamins (B3). Estimate the approximate
values of the indicated bond angles. Its skeleton (not its Lewis
structure) is given below.
H
Н—С
H.
H-
-H-
v. Acrylonitrile, C;H;N, is the building block of the polymer Orlon.
Its Lewis structure is given below. What is the hybridization of
nitrogen and of the three numbered carbon atoms?
нн
H-C=C- C=N:
(1
(2)

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Step 3

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps with 2 images

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Valence Bond Theory

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

For each of the following molecules or molecular ions,give the steric number, sketch and name the approximatemolecular geometry, and describe the directions of anydistortions from the approximate geometry due to lonepairs. In each case, the central atom is listed first and theother atoms are all bonded directly to it.(a) ICl4- (b) OF2(c) BrO3- (d) CS2
For HCl (note that the IEH = 13.6 eV and IEC = 13.0 eV): (a) Draw a MO diagram and write the ground-state electron configuration. (You do not need to show core orbitals.) Be sure to give each molecular orbital its correct label, including non-bonding orbitals. What is the bond order?
Benzene is commonly regarded as a resonance hybrid of the two Kekule structures, but other possible structures can also contribute. Draw three other structures in which there are only covalent π bonds (allowing for bonding between some non-adjacent C atoms) and two st ructu res in which there is one ionic bond. Why may these structures be ignored in simple descriptions of the molecule?
11.12 Which types of atomic orbitals of the central atom mix to form hybrid orbitals in (a) Cl₂O; (b) BrCl,; (c) PF; (d)SO,??
Use partal obtal diagram (boxes)to descrie how mixing of the aomic orbitals of the central atom leads to hybrid orbitals in PF; Determine the geometry of the molecule, the Ccomposition and orienaion of Hybrd orbital (te flwer) in PF . (phospbons pentaihoride)
(a) Identify which atomic orbitals are used to construct the specified o bonds: Bond a is: b Bond a is: OH bond b is: Identify which orbital is used to construct the л-bond at the marked atom. (b) Identify which atomic orbitals are used to construct the specified & bonds: a and bond c is: OH bond b is: and bond c is: Identify which orbital is used to construct the л-bond at the marked atom.
For each of the following species, identify the central atom and propose a hybridization scheme for those atom. Explain your reasons. (15P, 9F, 7N, 8O) a) PF6– b) NO3–
22). Draw a Lewis structure for cyanamide, NH₂CN, where all atoms have formal charge of zero. Then use the Lewis Structure to sketch a bonding diagram for NH₂CN. Include all overlapping orbitals, and orbitals containing lone pair electrons. Use hybrid orbitals for the carbon and the nitrogen atoms. Make sure to label all orbitals appropriately as (sp, sp2, sp³, 2p, 1s...). Identify all bonding interactions as σ oг л.
Draw the shapes of the following molecules and ions in 3-dimension showing clearly the bonds between the atoms and the lone pairs of electrons on the central atom, if any. (a) SO32-, sulfate (IV) (sulfite) ion (b) CH3NH2, methylamine (c) HCO3-, hydrogencarbonate ion Provide everything stated in the instructions.
Hybrid Orbitals Hybrid orbitals are formed by combining the valence orbitals on an atom. They are composed of There are (number) They have an electron pair geometry of S Р d hybrid orbitals represented by this picture. atomic orbitals, corresponding to With bond angles of (If more than one bond angle is possible, sarate each with a space). hybridization. O
(a) Sketch the occupied MOs of the valence shell for the N2 molecule. Label the orbitals as o or ™ orbitals, and specify which are bonding and which are antibonding. (b) If one electron is removed from the highest occupied orbital of N2, will the equilibrium N-N distance become longer or shorter? Explain briefly.