I. a- Use the Bowen's Reaction Series to discuss the following points. Give examples Temperature of crystallization of different minerals from a magma Order of crystallization of different minerals from a magma Mafic minerals versus felsic minerals b- The viscosity (resistance to flow) of a melt (magma/lava) increases with decreasin owered with increasing water in the melt. Explain on the light of Bowen's Reaction

Q: as an individual or a student, write suggestions on how to minimize the pollution

A: Pollution is an unwanted switching in physical and chemical or biological features of air, water and...

Q: Draw a well labelled diagram of the experimental set-up (apparatus) that would be used to determine ...

A: The molar mass of a substance is one of the properties which characterizes the substance. If the sub...

Q: Question 35 37) How long have asteroids been striking Earth? O D) Since Earth formed O B) During the...

A: An asteroid is composed of rocky materials that orbit the sun. The other name of asteroid is a plane...

Q: Referring to the graph shown below, which of the following statements best describes the trend in gl...

A: 1. Total ice remained constant but decreased from 10 million km2 to around 8 million km2 in recent t...

Q: Why does the coolest temperature of the day occur about sunrise?

A: The heating of Earth is by solar radiation. The solar radiation gets trapped in the atmosphere and b...

Q: With reference to specific examples, define: Lattice energy Standard enthalpy of atomization

A: Lattice energy:  Lattice energy is the estimation of the energy of the ionic bonds in the ionic comp...

Q: Match the description or compound with the correct term. carbon dioxide [ Choose ] [Choose] nitrogen...

A: A primary pollutant is an air pollutant that is directly emitted to the atmosphere from the source, ...

Q: Name six greenhouse gases. How do they cause Earth’s average surface temperature to rise?

A: Gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect are called as greenhouse gases.    

Q: Who considered cooling of Earth as a key reason for the formation of mountains? (select all that app...

A: James Hutton is considered as father of geology.

Q: Which radioactive isotope or isotopes would you use to date each of thefollowing objects? Explain ea...

A: The radiometric dating methods are based on the radioactive decay of specific isotopes that have ver...

Q: (DONE) I just wanted to know if I labeled it all correctly?.   I have tried it but not sure if corre...

A: The Earth's interior is not homogeneous but is divided into many layers with respect to physical and...

Q: Why would populations with higher genetic biodiversity have a better chance of surviving the sudden ...

A: Genetic biodiversity among a population essentially means that the organisms of the population posse...

Q: Explain how latitude and topography produce the region’s distinctive patterns of climate.

A: Depending on the differences in the sun's heating power are responsible for the different climate pa...

Q: Relative dating. From oldest to youngest

A: The given figure includes various strata, and any strata can be defined as a sequence composed of a ...

Q: What is the relationship between El Niño and large wildfires in Australia?

A: El Nino is the name given to the occasional development of Ecuador and Peru's warm ocean surface wat...

Q: Why were traditional views of the age of Earth an impediment to early understanding of Earth’s inner...

A: In the past, the complete understanding of the processes taking place on the Earth was obstructed by...

Q: 12. What are the best ways to distinguish between quartz and plagioclase in an igneous rock? Amphibo...

A: Igneous rocks comprise various minerals. These minerals can be identified in hand specimens. But the...

Q: Out of sand, silt and clay which particles will settle down first in graduated cylinder during textu...

A: Texture refers to the size, shape, and orientation of sediments in a rock. Here we are considering o...

Q: Which of the following best summarizes the main causes of water pollution today? increased runoff, ...

A: The contamination of water bodies through biological or inorganic contaminants exposed to humans cau...

Q: Wave-swept beaches are subjected to the same conditions as the intertidal community but support vast...

A: The wave swept beaches are part of the shore where sediments swept away under the influence of waves...

Q: Does the radiation emitted by Earth’s surface have longer or shorter wavelengths compared to solar r...

A: 1. The radiation emitted by the earth's surface, terrestrial radiation have longer wavelength than s...

Q: What is the porosity of a perfectly sorted jar of marbles, with rhombohedral packing?

A: Porosity is defined as the measure of the room between the particles. Porosity is defined as the pro...

Q: What kinds of stratigraphic correlation do geologists undertake?

A: Stratigraphic correlation is the method of comparing and correlating the different stratigraphic suc...

Q: The position of the overhead moon is always between which two parallels of latitude?

A: The Tropic of Capricorn is a parallel of latitude 23.5°S of the equator. The Tropic of Cancer is a p...

Q: Witch is the smallest possible particle of an element?

A: An element is a pure substance that is formed from identical atoms. All things in the Universe are m...

Q: How does water depth in the ocean relate to the distribution of seafloor environments?

A: There can be two aspects to this question. The environment, based on sediment deposition and geometr...

Q: Are fine nets sufficient to capture all the plankton in a water parcel?

A: Fine nets are not sufficient to capture all the planktons in a water parcel. Because the net gets fi...

Q: What factor determines the composition of magma? A viscosity of the parent rock and whether it under...

A: Magma is extremely hot molten or semi-molten rocks present under the Earth's surface. Magma can push...

Q: Help with this.

A: To determine the true thickness of subsurface rock formations, it is necessary to know their orienta...

Q: Explain water table aquifers and artesian aquifers. Illustrate. Include water levels, wells, etc.

A: Aquifers are rock units that can store and transmit water at a sustainable rate, aquifers store grou...

Q: Number three choose the correct word to complete the sentence

A: Properties of air are controlled mainly by an essential factor and, i.e., temperature. The earth's a...

Q: Why soil texture is a permanent soil property?

A: Soil texture is defined as the ratio of sand, silt, and clay-sized particles that make up the minera...

Q: What is an overburden in mining?

A: The process of extraction of valuable mineral resources and geological materials from the ore body, ...

Q: Do the warmest temperatures occur over continents or over oceans? Do the coldest temperatures occur ...

A: The specific heat of water is more than that of land. Therefore the land heats up quickly and looses...

Q: How is density expressed (units)?

A: Density is a physical property of matter. 

Q: A consequence of global warming is melting of the polar ice caps. This melting decreases deep water ...

A: Global warming is a phenomenon that causes heating of the earth's surface due to the enhanced greenh...

Q: Rahim was told by his friend Kelly that the planets Mars and Jupiter are never in the sky at the sam...

A: According to the given statement, Rahim looked up on the NASA's website. This essentially indicates ...

Q: Which do you think poses the highest disaster risk among the volcano-induced hazards? Why do you say...

A: Volcanoes are a geological phenomenon where hot magma is erupted, from the interior of the Earth, in...

Q: Writing Response(Small): Use density to justify the order of Earth’s layers. Write your answer in co...

A: Density is defined as the ratio of mass to volume of a material.   

Q: A. The results of John and Sarah's experiment are shown below. Notice that the images are enlarged. ...

A: Introduction:Texture is a term used to explain intergranular relationships, including grain shape, s...

Q: If two populations of the same species of insects have been geographically isolated from each other ...

A: Speciation refers to the process where populations evolve into different species.

Q: Fine texture Soil structure is ------for plant root O poor not good O good

A: There are three types of soil texture- coarse, medium and fine.  Fine or clay soil consists of small...

Q: In what direction do most U.S. tornadoes travel? What controls this?

A: Tornadoes are violent storms, small diameter of violently moving air column touching the ground and ...

Q: Mafic color index (MCI, percentage of mafic mineral percentage of mafic mineral crystals): Mafic col...

A: Mafic colour index (MCI, percentage of mafic mineral crystals): 65% Would you describe the rock as m...

Q: Explain how radiometric age dating works. Why does the parent material never totally disappear compl...

A: Radiometric Dating It is used to calculate the age of rocks or fossils. The age of rocks is calculat...

Q: What is fossil fuel divestment, and what are some arguments for and against it?

A: The phrase refers to all those fuels from organic material buried deep beneath sediments and earth s...

Q: Explain concisely why aqueous copper(II) sulphate is acidic

A:

Q: According to knowledge in analytical chemistry, critically discuss the types of soil pollution and s...

A: Soil pollution is defined as the contamination of soil due to increase in the concentrations of toxi...

Q: If you have a piece of land but no idea what is its measurement and have no measuring tape with you,...

A: In geological fieldwork, there are many instances where the measurement of geological features is ne...

Q: Which of the following most completely defines a volcano? a cone-shaped structure on land where pyro...

A: Volcanoes are types of geologic structures.