(i) Strut CD is a tubular member of circular cross-section, external diameter 150mm and wall thickness 10mm. Calculate the Euler buckling force for CD. Esteel-210GPa. (Ans. 0.62MN (ii) Calculate the compressive forces acting along the axes AC and BC when CD is subjected to its buckling force. c (Ans. 0.36MM (iii) If AC and BC are solid, circular steel bars calculate their diameter such that they just experience elastic buckling unde then forces calculated in Part (ii). (Ans. 0.061r Buckling
Design Against Fluctuating Loads
Machine elements are subjected to varieties of loads, some components are subjected to static loads, while some machine components are subjected to fluctuating loads, whose load magnitude tends to fluctuate. The components of a machine, when rotating at a high speed, are subjected to a high degree of load, which fluctuates from a high value to a low value. For the machine elements under the action of static loads, static failure theories are applied to know the safe and hazardous working conditions and regions. However, most of the machine elements are subjected to variable or fluctuating stresses, due to the nature of load that fluctuates from high magnitude to low magnitude. Also, the nature of the loads is repetitive. For instance, shafts, bearings, cams and followers, and so on.
Design Against Fluctuating Load
Stress is defined as force per unit area. When there is localization of huge stresses in mechanical components, due to irregularities present in components and sudden changes in cross-section is known as stress concentration. For example, groves, keyways, screw threads, oil holes, splines etc. are irregularities.
please writte answer by hand thank you
![A local shopping centre has its
roof supported by the structure
shown in Figure Q6. members
AC, BC and CD are slender
steel struts loaded in
compression under a total load
F in the vertical direction, equally
distributed between points A and
B. All points of load application
and the node at C are
considered to be pin-jointed and
restrained from movement
normal to the axes of the struts.
Struts AC and BC are 2m long,
while CD is 6m in length.
F/2
A
30⁰ 30⁰
C
D d
Figure Q6
F/2
B](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F0280cc21-8041-4b35-83af-094302e775e5%2F3fced9f7-93db-47e8-83e9-74c375d23bbb%2F7i5hp59.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![(i) Strut CD is a tubular member of circular cross-section,
external diameter 150mm and wall thickness 10mm.
Calculate the Euler buckling force for CD. Esteel-210GPa.
(Ans. 0.62MN)
(ii) Calculate the compressive forces acting along the axes of
AC and BC when CD is subjected to its buckling force.
(Ans. 0.36MN)
(iii) If AC and BC are solid, circular steel bars calculate their
diameter such that they just experience elastic buckling under
then forces calculated in Part (ii).
(Ans. 0.061m)
Buckling
(iv) The designers of the shopping centre structure decide to change the
end condition at D to fully built-in, i.e. to resist translation and rotation, and
change the strut material to aluminium alloy. Calculate the new buckling
force for CD if the cross-sectional dimensions remain as in Part (i).
Ealuminium alloy=75GPa (you may assume that L₂ = L/√2 )
(Ans. 0.44MN)
(v) If the new built-in, aluminium alloy strut, CD, is to have the same
external diameter and buckling force as the steel strut in Part (i), calculate
the required wall thickness.
(Ans. 0.016m)
6](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F0280cc21-8041-4b35-83af-094302e775e5%2F3fced9f7-93db-47e8-83e9-74c375d23bbb%2Fi9e8tm2.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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