I Review | Learning Goal: To understand how elementary steps make up a mechanism and how the rate law for an elementary step can be determined. Very often, a reaction does not tell us the whole story. For instance, the reaction Submit NO2(9) + CO(g)→NO(g)+ CO2(9) does not involve a collision between an NO2 molecule and a CO molecule. Based on experimental data at moderate temperatures, this reaction is thought to occur in the following two steps: Part B 1. NO2(9) + NO2(9)→NO3(g)+N0(g) 2. NO3(9) + CO(9)→CO2(9) +NO2(9) Which species is a reaction intermediate? • View Available Hint(s) Each individual step is called an elementary step. Together, these elementary steps are called the reaction mechanism. Overall, the resulting reaction is NO2(9) + CO(9)→NO(9) + CO2(9) Notice that in the elementary steps NO3 appears both as a product and then as a reactant; therefore it cancels out of the final chemical equation. NO3 is called a reaction intermediate. Also notice that 2 molecules of NO2 appear in the reactants of the first step and 1 molecule of NO2 appears as product of the second step, the net effect leaves only 1 molecule of NO2 as a reactant in the net equation. Submit Molecularity is the proper term for "how the molecules collide" in a reaction. For example, step 1 is bimolecular because it involves the collision of two molecules. Step 2 is also bimolecular for the same reason. Unimolecular reactions involve only one molecule in the reactants. Though rare, collisions among three molecules can occur. Such a reaction would be called termolecular. Part C What is the rate law for step 1 of this reaction? Express your answer in standard MasteringChemistry notation. For example, if the rate law is k[A][C]3 type k* [A] * [C]^3. • View Available Hint(s) Rate = Submit Part D What is the rate law for step 2 of this reaction? Express your answer in standard MasteringChemistry notation. For example, if the rate law is k[A][C]3 type k* [A] * [C]^3. • View Available Hint(s) Rate = Submit Provide Feedback
Basics in Organic Reactions Mechanisms
In organic chemistry, the mechanism of an organic reaction is defined as a complete step-by-step explanation of how a reaction of organic compounds happens. A completely detailed mechanism would relate the first structure of the reactants with the last structure of the products and would represent changes in structure and energy all through the reaction step.
Heterolytic Bond Breaking
Heterolytic bond breaking is also known as heterolysis or heterolytic fission or ionic fission. It is defined as breaking of a covalent bond between two different atoms in which one atom gains both of the shared pair of electrons. The atom that gains both electrons is more electronegative than the other atom in covalent bond. The energy needed for heterolytic fission is called as heterolytic bond dissociation energy.
Polar Aprotic Solvent
Solvents that are chemically polar in nature and are not capable of hydrogen bonding (implying that a hydrogen atom directly linked with an electronegative atom is not found) are referred to as polar aprotic solvents. Some commonly used polar aprotic solvents are acetone, DMF, acetonitrile, DMSO, etc.
Oxygen Nucleophiles
Oxygen being an electron rich species with a lone pair electron, can act as a good nucleophile. Typically, oxygen nucleophiles can be found in these compounds- water, hydroxides and alcohols.
Carbon Nucleophiles
We are aware that carbon belongs to group IV and hence does not possess any lone pair of electrons. Implying that neutral carbon is not a nucleophile then how is carbon going to be nucleophilic? The answer to this is that when a carbon atom is attached to a metal (can be seen in the case of organometallic compounds), the metal atom develops a partial positive charge and carbon develops a partial negative charge, hence making carbon nucleophilic.
please answer part c and d
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