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I have these two exercises and their answers, but I am not quite sure what is the behavior and why those are the results. I will really appreciate a detailed explanation. Thank you.

I have these two exercises and their answers, but I am not quite sure what is the behavior and why those are the results. I will really appreciate a detailed explanation. Thank you.

Database System Concepts
Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1PE
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I have these two exercises and their answers, but I am not quite sure what is the behavior and why those are the results. I will really appreciate a detailed explanation. Thank you. 

### Understanding the `mystery` Method in Java Given the following method in Java: ```java public static void mystery(int x) { int y = 1; int z = 0; while (2 * y <= x) { y = y * 2; z++; } System.out.println(y + " " + z); } ``` This method takes an integer `x` as input and performs the following operations: - It initializes `y` to 1 and `z` to 0. - It then enters a `while` loop that runs as long as `2 * y` is less than or equal to `x`. - Inside the loop, `y` is doubled, and `z` is incremented by 1. - Finally, it prints the values of `y` and `z`. Let's analyze the output of this method for different values of `x`. ### Outputs for Various Calls | Method Call | Output | |---------------|--------| | mystery(1) | 1 0 | | mystery(6) | 4 2 | | mystery(19) | 16 4 | | mystery(39) | 32 5 | | mystery(74) | 64 6 | Understanding these results: - For `mystery(1)`: The while condition `2 * y <= 1` is not met initially, so the loop does not execute, resulting in `y = 1` and `z = 0`. - For `mystery(6)`: - Initial (`y = 1`, `z = 0`). - First iteration (`y = 1 * 2 = 2`, `z = 1`). - Second iteration (`y = 2 * 2 = 4`, `z = 2`). - Loop condition fails on the next check (`2 * 4 = 8`, which is not `<= 6`). - Result is `y = 4` and `z = 2`. Similar reasoning can be applied for the other function calls, leading to the observed outputs. This method demonstrates how to implement a sequence of operations based on a condition and is useful for understanding loops and conditionals in programming.
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding the `mystery` Method in Java Given the following method in Java: ```java public static void mystery(int x) { int y = 1; int z = 0; while (2 * y <= x) { y = y * 2; z++; } System.out.println(y + " " + z); } ``` This method takes an integer `x` as input and performs the following operations: - It initializes `y` to 1 and `z` to 0. - It then enters a `while` loop that runs as long as `2 * y` is less than or equal to `x`. - Inside the loop, `y` is doubled, and `z` is incremented by 1. - Finally, it prints the values of `y` and `z`. Let's analyze the output of this method for different values of `x`. ### Outputs for Various Calls | Method Call | Output | |---------------|--------| | mystery(1) | 1 0 | | mystery(6) | 4 2 | | mystery(19) | 16 4 | | mystery(39) | 32 5 | | mystery(74) | 64 6 | Understanding these results: - For `mystery(1)`: The while condition `2 * y <= 1` is not met initially, so the loop does not execute, resulting in `y = 1` and `z = 0`. - For `mystery(6)`: - Initial (`y = 1`, `z = 0`). - First iteration (`y = 1 * 2 = 2`, `z = 1`). - Second iteration (`y = 2 * 2 = 4`, `z = 2`). - Loop condition fails on the next check (`2 * 4 = 8`, which is not `<= 6`). - Result is `y = 4` and `z = 2`. Similar reasoning can be applied for the other function calls, leading to the observed outputs. This method demonstrates how to implement a sequence of operations based on a condition and is useful for understanding loops and conditionals in programming.
## Code Analysis and Array Transformation The following code contains a method named `mystery` that modifies the first array using elements from the second array: ```java public static void mystery(int[] a, int[] b) { for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) { a[i] += b[b.length - 1 - i]; } } ``` ### Problem Statement What are the values of the elements in array `a1` after the following code executes? ```java int[] a1 = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}; int[] a2 = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25}; mystery(a1, a2); ``` ### Array Contents Before Function Call - `a1`: {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} - `a2`: {1, 4, 9, 16, 25} ### Explanation The method iterates through each element in array `a1` and adds the corresponding element from array `a2`, starting from the last element of `a2`: 1. In the first iteration (`i = 0`): - `a1[0] += a2[4]` => `1 += 25` => `a1[0] = 26` 2. In the second iteration (`i = 1`): - `a1[1] += a2[3]` => `3 += 16` => `a1[1] = 19` 3. In the third iteration (`i = 2`): - `a1[2] += a2[2]` => `5 += 9` => `a1[2] = 14` 4. In the fourth iteration (`i = 3`): - `a1[3] += a2[1]` => `7 += 4` => `a1[3] = 11` 5. In the fifth iteration (`i = 4`): - `a1[4] += a2[0]` => `9 += 1` => `a1[4] = 10` ### Array Contents After Function Call - `a1`: {26, 19, 14, 11,
Transcribed Image Text:## Code Analysis and Array Transformation The following code contains a method named `mystery` that modifies the first array using elements from the second array: ```java public static void mystery(int[] a, int[] b) { for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) { a[i] += b[b.length - 1 - i]; } } ``` ### Problem Statement What are the values of the elements in array `a1` after the following code executes? ```java int[] a1 = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}; int[] a2 = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25}; mystery(a1, a2); ``` ### Array Contents Before Function Call - `a1`: {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} - `a2`: {1, 4, 9, 16, 25} ### Explanation The method iterates through each element in array `a1` and adds the corresponding element from array `a2`, starting from the last element of `a2`: 1. In the first iteration (`i = 0`): - `a1[0] += a2[4]` => `1 += 25` => `a1[0] = 26` 2. In the second iteration (`i = 1`): - `a1[1] += a2[3]` => `3 += 16` => `a1[1] = 19` 3. In the third iteration (`i = 2`): - `a1[2] += a2[2]` => `5 += 9` => `a1[2] = 14` 4. In the fourth iteration (`i = 3`): - `a1[3] += a2[1]` => `7 += 4` => `a1[3] = 11` 5. In the fifth iteration (`i = 4`): - `a1[4] += a2[0]` => `9 += 1` => `a1[4] = 10` ### Array Contents After Function Call - `a1`: {26, 19, 14, 11,
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