(i) Explain why and what regions in the graph are practically suitable for fusion and fission reactions binding energy versus mass number graph? (ii) What fraction of radioactive nucleus sample survive after two half-lives? (iii) The radioactive element has a half-life of 1600 years. Since the Earth is about 5 billion years old, how can you explain why we still find this element in nature? (iv) What is meant by nuclear cross-section? Also discuss and draw the dependence of nuclear cross-section on velocity of proton and neutron incident on same target nucleus? (v) The greatest binding energy per nucleon occurs near 56Fe and is much less for 238U. Explain this in terms of the semi-empirical nuclear mass formula. (vi) What is meant by double valued situation in energetics of nuclear reaction, express in your own words? . (vii) For a nucleus , write down the equations for α, β+ , and β- decays to a nucleus X’. Also illustrate the change in A, Z and N number for these decays. (viii) To penetrate the Coulomb barrier of a light nucleus, a proton must have a minimum energy of the order of (a) 1 GeV, (b) 1 MeV, (c) 1 keV. Calculate Coulomb barrier and select your answer. (ix) Binding energy per nucleon for an element is 7.14 MeV. If the binding energy of the element is 28.6 MeV. Calculate the number of nucleons in the nucleus? (x) Why we have energy distribution curve for electrons in beta decay?
(i) Explain why and what regions in the graph are practically suitable for fusion and fission reactions binding energy versus mass number graph? (ii) What fraction of radioactive nucleus sample survive after two half-lives? (iii) The radioactive element has a half-life of 1600 years. Since the Earth is about 5 billion years old, how can you explain why we still find this element in nature? (iv) What is meant by nuclear cross-section? Also discuss and draw the dependence of nuclear cross-section on velocity of proton and neutron incident on same target nucleus? (v) The greatest binding energy per nucleon occurs near 56Fe and is much less for 238U. Explain this in terms of the semi-empirical nuclear mass formula. (vi) What is meant by double valued situation in energetics of nuclear reaction, express in your own words? . (vii) For a nucleus , write down the equations for α, β+ , and β- decays to a nucleus X’. Also illustrate the change in A, Z and N number for these decays. (viii) To penetrate the Coulomb barrier of a light nucleus, a proton must have a minimum energy of the order of (a) 1 GeV, (b) 1 MeV, (c) 1 keV. Calculate Coulomb barrier and select your answer. (ix) Binding energy per nucleon for an element is 7.14 MeV. If the binding energy of the element is 28.6 MeV. Calculate the number of nucleons in the nucleus? (x) Why we have energy distribution curve for electrons in beta decay?
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