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(i) Discuss the Lucas Critique.
(ii) With the help of a diagram, show the implications of Rational Expectations for the
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- Would you expect to see long-run data trace out a stable downward-sloping Phillips curve?(f) Discuss the differences, and similarities if any, between the Phillips Curve and Okun's Law.If workers accurately predict the rate of inflation, is there a short-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment, as predicted by the Phillips curve? Why or why not?
- Q: Explain how and why the Phillips curve trade-off between inflation and unemployment depends on as to how inflation expectations are assumed to be formed.According to the Rational Expectation Theory, A) people reformulate their expectations of inflation once a change in the inflation rate has occurred. B) people never reformulate their expectations of inflation. C) expectations of inflation are based only on past values of the inflation rate. D) people reformulate their expectations of inflation once a change in policy has occurred. E) none of the above.The Phillips curve is the relationship between (a) Change in GDP from potential and inflation. (b) GDP and unemployment. (c) The percent change in GDP and inflation. (d) The percent change in GDP and unemployment.
- In the decade through 2020, inflation was consistently low. If people adjusted their inflation expectations to their actual inflation experience, this would shift the short-run Phillips curve down. shift the short-run Phillips curve up. shift the long-run Phillips curve to the left. Shift the long-run Phillips curve to the right.True, false or obscure. Justify your conclusion. a) It is desirable to have inflation as close to zero as possible b) High inflation means low unemployment c) The turnover rate of money decreases when nominal interest rates are high d) The probability of the unemployed finding a job is greater if more people change jobs during a given period e) Sticky wages make the Phillips curve steepSuppose that the government is considering enacting an expansionary policy in 2023 that would shift aggregate demand in 2024 from ADAADA to ADBADB. This would cause a (move along , shift of) the short-run Phillips curve, resulting in (increase, decrease) in the inflation rate and (increase, decrease) in the unemployment rate.
- As with demand and supply analysis, changes in the economy can cause both shifts of and movements along the short-run Phillips curve. Which of the following would cause a shift of the short-run Phillips curve? Check all that apply. An increase in government spending A decrease in short-run aggregate supply An increase in the expected inflation rateCompared to the Adaptive Expectations Theory, the Rational Expectations Theory A) asserts the same conclusions about policy activism.B) implies that policy activism is less effectiveC) implies that policy activism is more effective.D) asserts that people cannot anticipate the effects of policies in advance.E) the inflation arising from an expansionary policy will be less.Question 3: The Phillips Curve and Inflation Expectations Consider the following two modifications to the Phillips Curve equation we studied in class The Federal Reserve has been successful in achieving stable inflation around its target rate of 2% per year. Therefore, we may expect inflation expectations to be "anchored" in the sense that private sector agents expect inflation to eventually return to target over the long-run after any economic shocks. Suppose that inflation expectations are not adaptive, but are anchored to the inflation target as follows: π = (1-р)π + pπt-1 This equation says that firms forecast inflation as a weighted average of the inflation target and yesterday's inflation Tt-1. Note that adaptive expectations are a special case of this where the weight on yesterday's inflation p = 1. i. ii. Many economists have documented that the empirical Phillips Curve is almost flat. Therefore, suppose that the Phillips Curve does not depend on the current state of the…
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