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i) Define the solar constant

i) Define the solar constant

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
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Answer question 9 showing fully all the steps. Solution should be simplified and easy to understand as much as possible!

nd better fe styles for the citizens. Exercises: 1. Distinguish between functional energy and energy resource. 2. Explain how functional energy may be obtained from the mechanical energy possessed by flowing streams and from the Sun. 3. In Cameroon hydroelectric schemes and schemes which generate electricity from solar radiation are in use. Why are the two more likely to continue to be developed than for one to completely replace the other? 4. In principle the power, P, expected from a wind driven generator of propelling blade radius, d, for a wind speed, v, is given by P = ptd? v3 wherep is the density of the air blowing past the blades. a) Show that the equation is homogenous. b) For what reasons is the practical power output always less than the expected? 5. State and briefly explain any two ways in which harm has been done to the environment in Cameroon in the quest for functional energy. What measures have been taken or could be taken to remedy the harm? 6. State any two uses of weather forecast to man. 7. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, persistent strong winds and tSunamis occur in our environment unprovoked from time to time. Why do some physicists devote time and resources studying early signals from these environmental occurrences? 8. Distinguish between each of the following pairs of terms as used in energy resources giving an example of each in Cameroon i) Primary and secondary resources 1) Energy sources and energy sources iii) Renewable and Non-renewable resources iv) Direct and Indirect energy sources 9. i) Define the solar constant 11) Some students set out to estimate the value of the solar constant in one locality in the grassland region of Cameroon in January. They measured the heat energy from the Sun falling on a flat level circular area of radius 5.00m within 30 minutes to be 1.8x108 J. They assumed that the atmosphere absorbed 110 J of heat from the Sun. Calculate the value of the solar constant obtained by the students. iii) Explain how each of the following factors affect the solar constant: - Latitude State of the atmosphere Time of the day in the dry season 10. The Sun is known to be the origin of all sources of energy on Earth. Justify this statement using the examples below a) Solar panel b) Hydroelectric power plant 11. To harness tidal power a dam is built across a bay in the Atlantic Ocean. Water is trapped at high tide and released at low tide. Suppose the water trapped at high tide is in a basin of area 5.0x10 m2. The maximum height of the water is 12 m. ) Calculate the gravitational P.E. change from high to low tide 1i) Determine the average power obtained if the flow from high to low tide toolk 7.2 hours iii) Explain why the efficiency of such a power station is always less than 100%. 12. a) Oil is an important energy resource. It provides about 38% of the energy used for transport, heating and generation of electricity. 1) The energy stored in oil comes from the Sun. Describe how energy from the Sun becomes c) Wind d) biofuel energy stored in the oil
Transcribed Image Text:nd better fe styles for the citizens. Exercises: 1. Distinguish between functional energy and energy resource. 2. Explain how functional energy may be obtained from the mechanical energy possessed by flowing streams and from the Sun. 3. In Cameroon hydroelectric schemes and schemes which generate electricity from solar radiation are in use. Why are the two more likely to continue to be developed than for one to completely replace the other? 4. In principle the power, P, expected from a wind driven generator of propelling blade radius, d, for a wind speed, v, is given by P = ptd? v3 wherep is the density of the air blowing past the blades. a) Show that the equation is homogenous. b) For what reasons is the practical power output always less than the expected? 5. State and briefly explain any two ways in which harm has been done to the environment in Cameroon in the quest for functional energy. What measures have been taken or could be taken to remedy the harm? 6. State any two uses of weather forecast to man. 7. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, persistent strong winds and tSunamis occur in our environment unprovoked from time to time. Why do some physicists devote time and resources studying early signals from these environmental occurrences? 8. Distinguish between each of the following pairs of terms as used in energy resources giving an example of each in Cameroon i) Primary and secondary resources 1) Energy sources and energy sources iii) Renewable and Non-renewable resources iv) Direct and Indirect energy sources 9. i) Define the solar constant 11) Some students set out to estimate the value of the solar constant in one locality in the grassland region of Cameroon in January. They measured the heat energy from the Sun falling on a flat level circular area of radius 5.00m within 30 minutes to be 1.8x108 J. They assumed that the atmosphere absorbed 110 J of heat from the Sun. Calculate the value of the solar constant obtained by the students. iii) Explain how each of the following factors affect the solar constant: - Latitude State of the atmosphere Time of the day in the dry season 10. The Sun is known to be the origin of all sources of energy on Earth. Justify this statement using the examples below a) Solar panel b) Hydroelectric power plant 11. To harness tidal power a dam is built across a bay in the Atlantic Ocean. Water is trapped at high tide and released at low tide. Suppose the water trapped at high tide is in a basin of area 5.0x10 m2. The maximum height of the water is 12 m. ) Calculate the gravitational P.E. change from high to low tide 1i) Determine the average power obtained if the flow from high to low tide toolk 7.2 hours iii) Explain why the efficiency of such a power station is always less than 100%. 12. a) Oil is an important energy resource. It provides about 38% of the energy used for transport, heating and generation of electricity. 1) The energy stored in oil comes from the Sun. Describe how energy from the Sun becomes c) Wind d) biofuel energy stored in the oil
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