States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
I am having issues with 1.7 a .. I don't understand why this had brackets and the charge
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Charge written after the brackets represents the overall charge on the specie.
It is possible that there are formal charges on multiple atoms in the specie.
Hence in that case, the overall charge on the specie is given by the sum of formal charges on each element.
And that overall charge is written outside the bracket. Also, if the specie is having net overall charge, it means the specie is an ion.
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