I) a) Current in faulted phase R & Y. b) Is the system balanced? c) What happens with the voltage at phases R, Y and B? Double line to ground fault (LLG): IR System RECEIVIN G END IY IB B • IF
Load flow analysis
Load flow analysis is a study or numerical calculation of the power flow of power in steady-state conditions in any electrical system. It is used to determine the flow of power (real and reactive), voltage, or current in a system under any load conditions.
Nodal Matrix
The nodal matrix or simply known as admittance matrix, generally in engineering term it is called Y Matrix or Y bus, since it involve matrices so it is also referred as a n into n order matrix that represents a power system with n number of buses. It shows the buses' nodal admittance in a power system. The Y matrix is rather sparse in actual systems with thousands of buses. In the power system the transmission cables connect each bus to only a few other buses. Also the important data that one needs for have a power flow study is the Y Matrix.
Types of Buses
A bus is a type of system of communication that transfers data between the components inside a computer or between two or more computers. With multiple hardware connections, the earlier buses were parallel electrical wires but the term "bus" is now used for any type of physical arrangement which provides the same type of logical functions similar to the parallel electrical bus. Both parallel and bit connections are used by modern buses. They can be wired either electrical parallel or daisy chain topology or are connected by hubs which are switched same as in the case of Universal Serial Bus or USB.
The subject is: Smart Grid Applications and Technologies
Smart Grid:
A smart grid is an electricity network that uses digital communications technology to allow for a two-way flow of electricity and data, as well as the detection, reaction, and prevention of changes in usage and other problems. Smart grids are self-healing and give power users a say in how the system works.
A smart grid includes technology applications that make renewable energy integration and penetration easier. It will be critical in hastening the development and broad adoption of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), as well as their potential use as grid storage.
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