Hypothetical: In 2022, two states—Alabama and Ohio—ban the practices of no-excuse mail-in voting and early voting. All elections for state and national office must be conducted in person on Election Day. There is an exception allowing absentee ballots for those serving in the military, attending school out of state, or who assert a medical infirmity; these kinds of absentee ballots must supply a valid Driver’s License or State ID number. All requested absentee ballots must be received by Election Day. Any ballot not meeting these requirements will be discarded. All absentee ballots must 1) be tabulated by the end of the day following the election, and 2) the entire ballot preserved in physical form. The actions in each state are challenged at the Court. Are these regulations constitutionally permissible?

Hypothetical: In 2022, two states—Alabama and Ohio—ban the practices of no-excuse mail-in voting and early voting. All elections for state and national office must be conducted in person on Election Day. There is an exception allowing absentee ballots for those serving in the military, attending school out of state, or who assert a medical infirmity; these kinds of absentee ballots must supply a valid Driver’s License or State ID number. All requested absentee ballots must be received by Election Day. Any ballot not meeting these requirements will be discarded. All absentee ballots must 1) be tabulated by the end of the day following the election, and 2) the entire ballot preserved in physical form. The actions in each state are challenged at the Court. Are these regulations constitutionally permissible?