Hypothesis Testing: Outline the steps of null hypothesis testing, including an explanation of what a null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis are. Also include in your answer an explanation of the concepts of p-value, alpha, statistical significance, Type I Error, Type II Error, and power. The research topic is Anorexia Nervosa. Give an example of a potential null hypothesis and its corresponding alternative hypothesis based on your research topic. Describe at least one criticism of relying solely on the results of null hypothesis testing in describing research findings.

Null hypothesis is a type of assumption in statistics which proposes that there is no difference between certain characteristics of a population. For example, if we can assume that there is no difference between the talkativeness of females and males. We start with assumption that the characteristic is no different from zero. 1. The null hypothesis (H0) is a statement of no effect, relationship, or difference between two or more groups or factors. Usually in research studies, the researcher is interested in disproving the null hypothesis, which makes it obvious to accept the alternate hypothesis. Alternative hypothesis (H1) is the statement that there is an effect or difference between the given groups/ factors. p-value is a descriptor of the probability of obtaining a sample statistic as a matter of chance alone if the null hypothesis comes out to be true. Alpha denotes the significance level of the difference found, it is denoted by the Greek letter α. Statistical significance is generally set at 0.05 level of confidence although it can also be tested for 0.01 level. It means that there is 5% chance that you will accept your alternative hypothesis when your null hypothesis is actually true. Type I Error is the error of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. Type II Error is the error of non-rejection of the null hypothesis when it is false. Power is the probability of making a correct decision when the null hypothesis is false. It refers to the probability that a test of significance will be able to include a difference which is present. Steps of null hypothesis testing: Specify the null hypothesis Specify the alternative hypothesis Set the significance level Calculate the test statistic and the corresponding p-value Drawing inference2. Suppose you want to know if having healthy friends have any effect on the cure of Anorexia Nervosa in teenagers. You need to take you null hypothesis (H0) : There is no difference in AN cure between teenagers having healthy friends and teenagers having no healthy friends. (H1): The cure rate differs in teenagers having healthy friends and teenagers having no healthy friends Describe at least one criticism of relying solely on the results of null hypothesis testing in describing research findings. 3. Relying on results solely based on null hypothesis testing ignores the other viable explanation that could explain an occurrence. Testing of null hypothesis on the basis of p-value explains how rare a an occurrence is that it cannot happen by chance. But sometimes, rare things happen by chance, and it does not clearly imply that it has a reason behind it.

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Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)

5th Edition

ISBN:9780134477961

Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White

Publisher:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White

Chapter1: The Science Of Psychology

Section: Chapter Questions

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Hypothesis Testing:

1. Outline the steps of null hypothesis testing, including an explanation of what a null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis are. Also include in your answer an explanation of the concepts of p-value, alpha, statistical significance, Type I Error, Type II Error, and power. The research topic is Anorexia Nervosa.
2. Give an example of a potential null hypothesis and its corresponding alternative hypothesis based on your research topic.
3. Describe at least one criticism of relying solely on the results of null hypothesis testing in describing research findings.

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