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Hypothesis Generation and Experimental Design Green sea turtles spend most of their lives in the ocean. Male and female sea turtles mate at sea. From November to January, female sea turtles come ashore and deposit their eggs into nests that they dig in the sand. They then cover the nests and return to sea. Male turtles may never return to land. Female green sea turtles always attempt to return to the beach where they were hatched to lay their eggs. The nests receive no further parental care. Hatchlings emerge unassisted from the nest approximately two months later and immediately return to the ocean. As is the case for many turtle species, green sea turtles exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination, which means the temperature at which eggs are incubated will determine the sex of the hatchlings, whereas the sex of offspring in many other vertebrate groups is determined chromosomally. In green sea turtle embryos, sex determination occurs during the middle third of egg development when the embryos are sensitive to ambient temperature. Outside of this period, embryos are not physiologically affected by temperature, unless it is extreme.

Hypothesis Generation and Experimental Design Green sea turtles spend most of their lives in the ocean. Male and female sea turtles mate at sea. From November to January, female sea turtles come ashore and deposit their eggs into nests that they dig in the sand. They then cover the nests and return to sea. Male turtles may never return to land. Female green sea turtles always attempt to return to the beach where they were hatched to lay their eggs. The nests receive no further parental care. Hatchlings emerge unassisted from the nest approximately two months later and immediately return to the ocean. As is the case for many turtle species, green sea turtles exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination, which means the temperature at which eggs are incubated will determine the sex of the hatchlings, whereas the sex of offspring in many other vertebrate groups is determined chromosomally. In green sea turtle embryos, sex determination occurs during the middle third of egg development when the embryos are sensitive to ambient temperature. Outside of this period, embryos are not physiologically affected by temperature, unless it is extreme.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Hypothesis Generation and Experimental Design Green sea turtles spend most of their lives in the ocean. Male and female sea turtles mate at sea. From November to January, female sea turtles come ashore and deposit their eggs into nests that they dig in the sand. They then cover the nests and return to sea. Male turtles may never return to land. Female green sea turtles always attempt to return to the beach where they were hatched to lay their eggs. The nests receive no further parental care. Hatchlings emerge unassisted from the nest approximately two months later and immediately return to the ocean. As is the case for many turtle species, green sea turtles exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination, which means the temperature at which eggs are incubated will determine the sex of the hatchlings, whereas the sex of offspring in many other vertebrate groups is determined chromosomally. In green sea turtle embryos, sex determination occurs during the middle third of egg development when the embryos are sensitive to ambient temperature. Outside of this period, embryos are not physiologically affected by temperature, unless it is extreme. With rising temperatures due to global warming, an increase in sand temperature poses a threat to maintaining relatively even hatchling sex ratios at many of these ancestral nesting sites. Too few hatchlings of one sex may reduce the reproductive capability of that generation. Thankfully, several organizations around the world are involved in programs designed to aid in the conservation of this species. Some groups help to protect areas of beaches used for nesting, while others operate hatcheries that serve to help increase turtle hatchling survival. In the hatcheries, eggs are collected from wild nests and are either moved to human-dug nests in a protected area or are placed in artificial nest boxes. These artificial nests act as controlled, protected environments to ensure that as many eggs as possible survive. After hatching, young are then released into the sea. One region providing key natural nesting habitat for green sea turtles is found along the Queensland coast of Australia within the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). In fact, this region supports one of the largest green sea turtle populations in the world. In addition, the northern nesting beaches of the GBR are historically warmer than the southern nesting beaches of the GBR. Therefore, this location and population of green sea turtles provided a prime opportunity for a scientist and colleagues to study the effects of temperature differences on sex determination in green sea turtles.
Transcribed Image Text:Hypothesis Generation and Experimental Design Green sea turtles spend most of their lives in the ocean. Male and female sea turtles mate at sea. From November to January, female sea turtles come ashore and deposit their eggs into nests that they dig in the sand. They then cover the nests and return to sea. Male turtles may never return to land. Female green sea turtles always attempt to return to the beach where they were hatched to lay their eggs. The nests receive no further parental care. Hatchlings emerge unassisted from the nest approximately two months later and immediately return to the ocean. As is the case for many turtle species, green sea turtles exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination, which means the temperature at which eggs are incubated will determine the sex of the hatchlings, whereas the sex of offspring in many other vertebrate groups is determined chromosomally. In green sea turtle embryos, sex determination occurs during the middle third of egg development when the embryos are sensitive to ambient temperature. Outside of this period, embryos are not physiologically affected by temperature, unless it is extreme. With rising temperatures due to global warming, an increase in sand temperature poses a threat to maintaining relatively even hatchling sex ratios at many of these ancestral nesting sites. Too few hatchlings of one sex may reduce the reproductive capability of that generation. Thankfully, several organizations around the world are involved in programs designed to aid in the conservation of this species. Some groups help to protect areas of beaches used for nesting, while others operate hatcheries that serve to help increase turtle hatchling survival. In the hatcheries, eggs are collected from wild nests and are either moved to human-dug nests in a protected area or are placed in artificial nest boxes. These artificial nests act as controlled, protected environments to ensure that as many eggs as possible survive. After hatching, young are then released into the sea. One region providing key natural nesting habitat for green sea turtles is found along the Queensland coast of Australia within the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). In fact, this region supports one of the largest green sea turtle populations in the world. In addition, the northern nesting beaches of the GBR are historically warmer than the southern nesting beaches of the GBR. Therefore, this location and population of green sea turtles provided a prime opportunity for a scientist and colleagues to study the effects of temperature differences on sex determination in green sea turtles.
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