HwO T. Mater table in acertain area is tcdpo belo Sur fure to adepth of (12m). The Soil Consist of Pine Sand haui ng an average voids Yatio of (o7) Above A water table 4hr Sand has an avarge degree of falurafion (s02) Calenlate the effectiw stesses on aheri 2ontal plane at depth Clom) below ground Sur face. what will be increase in the effective stresses if the so.l gets safuratad by apillary up to heght ef (m) abeve the anter tabke G= 2.65.

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Asphalt Binders and Mixtures

Asphalt binders are subsidiary products procured during the refining process of petroleum while manufacturing gasoline, diesel, and similar petroleum products. Asphalt binders are obtained from the residue that remains after the distillation of petroleum, this residue is further subjected to steam distillation and oxidation to remove the traces of gas oil present in the residue. Certain additives or modifiers are also added to asphalt binders to alter them to suit different applications.